1845.] FATE OF GOVERNOR PESSOA. 39 



junk, in a riotous state, provoked a contest with the 

 military, and twenty-eight of them were killed. The 

 Governor, Pessoa, by whose order they were fired on, 

 conducted the annual ship to Japan the following year. 

 The report of his conduct was not slow in following him, 

 carried probably by the Dutch, who arrived there in the 

 first ship sent by their East India Company the same 

 year. The recent liberation of the Dutch from the 

 tyranny of Phillip II., and their vivid recollection of the 

 enormities of Alva and his coadjutors, must be allowed, 

 perhaps, to palliate their voluntary information, and their 

 proposal to seize the ship of Pessoa, present her to the 

 Kubo, and in future to supply the country with the 

 articles which the Portuguese had previously furnished. 



" While the Kubo hesitated, a Spanish vessel was 

 wrecked on the coast, having on board the Governor of 

 the Philippine Islands on his way to New Spain. The 

 shipwrecked governor was introduced to the Kubo, who 

 asked him if the Spaniards could supply Japan with silks, 

 &c., provided the Portuguese were driven away. The 

 reply was, that Manila could supply three times as much 

 as Macao. Thus doubly assured, the order was given to 

 seize the ship, behead Pessoa, expel the Jesuits, and give 

 their establishments to the Spanish priests. 



"On the 9th of January, 1610, the attack was re- 

 newed, Pessoa and his crew overpowered, and the ship 

 burned. After which, the Emperor relenting, permitted 

 the Portuguese to continue then- trade." 



In 1613, an English factory was established at Eirando, 

 the Dutch and English making common cause against 

 the Spaniards and Portuguese. 



