448 ARMS AND BOATS. 



Their arms consist of bows and arrows, spears, and a 

 few rude matchlocks, constructed in the Chinese fashion; 

 and in some of their walled cities they have forts strongly 

 built of stone, and mounting guns. When they wish to 

 intimidate their enemies, and make a great show of 

 martial power, they collect all the heroes, with their 

 swords and spears, and assemble by hundreds, mingling 

 their shouts with the discordant sounds of gongs, trum- 

 pets, and a harsh shrill instrument resembling in noise 

 the bagpipes. I have heard some among them, however, 

 play very plaintive melodies on the flute, with much taste 

 and proficiency. 



They do not appear to be a maritime people, their boats 

 being neither large nor numerous. As in China and 

 Japan, the use of oars is unknown among the Koreans, 

 the boats being always propelled by means of sculls, the 

 boatmen standing over the loom, and bending his body 

 backwards and forwards. I have seen as many as ten 



Turkey is made of " Samian ware," a kind of red-brown clay ; the 

 Meerschaum of Germany is formed of a yellowish-white steatite ; the 

 pipe of Holland is of porcelain, and that of our own island of unglazed 

 clay. Among the Bashee group, and more particularly on the island of 

 Ibayat, the natives form very elegant and commodious pipes from dif- 

 ferent species of shells, the columella and septa of the convolutions 

 being broken down, and a short ebony stem inserted into a hole at the 

 apex of the spire. A pipe of this manufacture, in my possession, is 

 formed from the Mitra papalis, and I have seen others made out of 

 Mitra episcopalis and of Cerithium and Terebra. At the Cape of Good 

 Hope I procured some pipe-bowls, made by the Kaffirs, from a black 

 and from a green stone, but without sculpture. Old Indian pipes have 

 been found in America also fashioned out of green stone. The sailors 

 belonging to the Samarang having lost their pipes in the Sarawak river, 

 set to and in a very little while manufactured excellent pipes from 

 different sized internodes of the bamboos that grew around them. 



