38 



NEW METHODS OF GRAFTING AND BUDDING. 



by the English-cleft or Cadillac method, or budded with 

 growing eyes or other new methods which we will consider 

 later on. 



III. Selection of Scions. As we- have seen above, the 

 success of this new method lies almost entirely in the selec- 

 tion of the scion-bud. There- 

 fore, we must take from, the 

 European varieties we desire 

 to multiply, axillary shoots 

 in preference, that is to say, 

 buds which have grown at 

 the axil of an adult leaf, such 

 as are found on shoots sub- 

 mitted to pinching. They 

 must, as far as possible, have 

 ceased to grow (which can 

 easily be ascertained by the 

 absence of terminal tendrils), 

 and bear spherical buds well 

 out of the bark, and free 

 from latent axillary buds. 

 The leaves must be cut off at 

 about -J inch from their base. 

 If the shoot bears from five 

 to six eyes, ordinarily from 

 two to four of these possess 

 the qualities of good forma- 

 tion required. 



IV. Excising the Bud. 

 The buds are excised with an 

 ordinary gardener's grafting- 

 knife, with as keen an edge 

 as possible, and kept very 

 clean ; the section beginning 

 at about J inch above the 

 eye. The cut is made to a 

 third or half the diameter of the shoot, and terminated 

 at from to f inch below the fragment of petiole pre- 

 served. 



This being done, the operator holds the scion by the petiole, 

 and ascertains first if the internal section is well outlined 

 by a double line composed of the bark and the first layer of 

 sap-wood ; second, that the centre of this double line is well 



Fig. 49. Graft made on old wood. 

 A. Callus of the bud. 



