48 NEW METHODS OF GRAFTING AND BUDDING. 



2nd. A very sharp grafting-knife must be used to excise 

 the bud, cutting obliquely and not perpendicular to the axis 

 of the bud; this with the object of making a very plane sec- 

 tion and to avoid cutting the pith, except on a very small 

 surface opposite the bud. We have noticed that all the 

 scions which had too much pith attached to them knitted 

 badly, and that their upper extremity did not knit at all. 



Another advantage resulting from this is, that the scion 

 being thinner, the bark of the stock which is to be opened 

 in a T-shaped slit, covers the bud more and shelters it better 

 against the action of the air. 



On the other hand, the section being reduced in surface 

 fits better, and its libro-cortical periphery rests exactly on 

 the cambium of the stock, which is very active at the time 

 the graft is performed. This explains the very rapid evolu- 

 tion of this bud. 



3rd. We also noticed that many of the grafts had a' 

 tendency to disjointing from the top, after the ligature had 

 been cat away, although they were perfectly knitted. 



This accident does not seem to have very great import- 

 ance, for, in every case, this little tear of the bark cicatrized, 

 but it checks for a time the free passage of the sap. 



We have, to a great extent lessened it by making an in- 

 cision in the shape of a reversed L. The top aglet is better 

 fixed in this narrow angle, and, the knitting taking place on 

 the two parts of the bark, it will not become disjointed so 

 easily. 



'4ttkt These buds being lignified and grafted on old stocks 

 require to have a much better ligature than is the case with 

 green buds. Therefore, raffia should be used instead of 

 cotton or wool. 



5tk. The Youzou budding, contrary to the Salgues bud- 

 ding, is done with a growing-eye as is the case in all vine- 

 grafts made in spring, with wood of the previous year. It 

 is, therefore, evident that all the sap of the plant must be 

 drawn towards that bud. 



Does this mean that a complete ablation of the stock 

 must be made, directly after the grafting ? No, for this 

 would cause the sap to flow back too suddenly, causing the 

 development of underground suckers, and in nine cases out 

 of ten provoke the desiccation of the scion. 



With liupestris and Biparias, planted out, we pinched the 

 shoots at three different periods : 1st, we suppressed half 



