THE TOWER OF LONDON. ^^ 231 



A great tempest having injured this tower in 1092, it was repaired by 

 order of William Rufus, but was not finished until the reign of Henry 

 the First. The moat was not added until the time of Richard the First ; 

 this was done by Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, who was Regent during 

 the absence of Richard in the Crusades. 



Henry the Third made it his almost constant residence during his 

 troublesome reign, and added greatly to the Tower as a place of security 

 and defence; and many of the buildings now extant may be dated from 

 this reign (viz. 1240); such as the stone gate and bulwark to the west 

 -entrance. He also repaired and whitened it (hence the name of the WTtite 

 Tower which it now bears) the large tower built by the Conqueror, and 

 extended the fortress by a mud wall on the west part of Tower Hill. 

 Edward the First also added mnch to its strength. Edward the Fourth 

 surrounded it by a brick wall. The church of St. Peter ad vincula, was 

 rebuilt by Edward the First and Third. It is only remarkable as con- 

 taining the earthly remains of Anne Boleyn, and Katharine Howard, 

 Queen's of Henry the Eighth ; Cromwell, the favorite and victim of that 

 monarch ; Lady Jane Grey, Earl of Essex, &c. Of the other principal 

 buildings within the walls of the Tower, the grand store house was begun 

 by James the Second and finished by William the Third, and the smaH 

 armory was entirely built in the latter reign. From the reign of Henry 

 the Eighth it has ceased to be a Royal residence, and has only a bad 

 eminence as a state prison since that period ; the wise and good here 

 felt the power and the tyranny of the Tudors and the Stuarts. Until the 

 time of James the Second a court was held in the Tower, and the 

 monarch proceeded from thence to be crowned at Westminster. la 

 1792 the moat was cleansed, and sluices opened to admit the water from 

 the Thames. The horse armory was, in 1825, chronologically arranged 

 by Dr. Merrick, and contains many figures of ancient warriors (twelve of 

 which only are authenticated), and is a very beautiful sight; there is also the 

 Jewel office, which contains the " Regalia," the small armory, wherethe arms 

 are numerous and well arranged, and a small menagerie of wild animals. 

 The extent of the Tower within the walls is twelve acres and five rods; 

 the exterior circuit of the ditch is three thousand one hundred and 

 fifty-six feet. The ditch on the side of Tower Hill is broad and deep, 

 but on the side next to the river it is narrower. On the wharf is a plat- 

 form, where sixty-one nine-pounders are mounted ; these are fired on 

 great occasions, such as the Queen's Birthday, Proclamation of Peace, &c. 

 The principal entrance is on the west side over a stone bridge; this is for 

 carriages ; there is another entrance over a draw bridge near the south 



