66 PRACTICAL TREE REPAIR 



have the proper amount of water. That is, keep 

 all trees vigorous. 



3. Cut and burn, or at least bark, all dead 

 and, especially, dying trees not later than the first 

 of April of each year, unless the habits of some 

 particular pest indicate another season as the cor- 

 rect one. 



Under certain conditions, however, especially 

 in orchards, the use of a direct protective cover- 

 ing or dressing may be the only way to prevent 

 an attack. These take several forms. Against 

 the round-headed apple and quince borers and the 

 peach borers, a covering of tough paper or fine 

 wire netting, tied tight above and heeled two 

 inches deep with soil below, make effective pro- 

 tections. 



Of repulsive dressings there are a large num- 

 ber, though less often recommended now than 

 formerly. " Raupenleim," for instance, sold by 

 the Bowker Fertilizer Company, of Boston, is 

 very effective as an all-over covering. Mixtures 

 containing vaseline or tar should not be used in 

 large quantities. The thinner applications, which 

 depend mostly upon their smells for their effective- 

 ness, have also much value, though they must 

 usually be renewed at intervals during the summer. 

 The best of them is probably a pound of whale- 

 oil soap dissolved in a gallon of water and re- 

 inforced with two ounces of carbolic acid. The 



