viii CONTENTS 



PAGE 



CHAPTER X. A INTERMEDIATE CUTTINGS (Contd.) THINNINGS 153 



Natural Development of the Stand 153 



Classification into Crown Classes 154 



Advantages of Thinnings 156 



Time to Start Thinnings 159 



Methods of Making Thinnings 160 



The German or Ordinary Method of Thinning 162 



Interlucation or Accretion Cuttings 171 



The French Method 172 



Borggreve's Method 177 



Special Methods of Thinning 183 



Application of Thinnings 185 



References 189 



CHAPTER XI. INTERMEDIATE CUTTINGS (Contd.) 192 



Improvement Cuttings 192 



Salvage Cuttings 194 



Severance Cuttings 196 



Pruning 198 



References 203 



CHAPTER XII. METHODS OF CONTROLLING CUTTINGS 204 



Control through Inspection 204 



Control through Marking of the Trees 205 



Marking Rules 208 



Control of Waste and Destruction in Logging 211 



References 213 



CHAPTER XIII. SLASH DISPOSAL 215 



Definition 215 



Silvicultural Effects of Slash 215 



Slash in Relation to the Soil 216 



Slash in Relation to Reproduction 217 



Slash in Relation to Forest Fires 217 



Slash in Relation to Insects 219 



Slash in Relation to Fungi 219 



Slash in Relation to Forest ./Esthetics 219 



Methods of Slash Disposal 220 



Disposal of Slash by Piling 220 



Disposal of Slash by Piling and Burning 221 



Disposal of Slash by Burning as the Logging Proceeds 223 



Disposal of Slash by Broadcast Burning 223 



