132 THE COPPICE WITH STANDARDS METHOD 



are available, the standards should be selected from among 

 them. If seedlings are lacking, it becomes necessary to make 

 provision for new standards by planting seedling trees among 

 the stools when the coppice is cut. Plants for this purpose 

 should be large, strong transplant stock to compete with the 

 sprouts. If the species planted reproduces vigorously by 

 sprouts, the transplants after being set out can be cut back 

 carefully to the ground level. One or more vigorous sprouts 

 start and compete more successfully with the coppice sprouts 

 than the original transplant could have done. If several 

 sprouts arise the number should be reduced to one. Such 

 sprouts, termed "seedling sprouts," have the rapid initial 

 growth of true sprouts, combined with the relative hardiness 

 against disease possessed by trees of seedling origin. 



The standards and coppice may or may not be of the same 

 species. In general light-foliaged species are favored as stand- 

 ards, while trees capable of thriving under a partial cover are 

 desirable in the coppice. The coppice furnishes cordwood 

 and other products of smaller size, hence the species in the 

 coppice must produce wood which has a value while still 

 young. Standards grow until large enough for lumber and 

 should be chosen for their ability to grow throughout several 

 coppice rotations and for the value of their lumber yield. It 

 is often desired to introduce a species not found on the site as a 

 standard. A conifer of high timber producing value may 

 thus be employed as a standard over hardwood coppice. 



Rotations for the coppice range up to 25 years, which is as 

 long an interval as should ensue between cuttings among the 

 trees in the various age classes of standards. The coppice 

 rotation may be as much lower than 25 years as markets for 

 the small products permit; but good standards cannot be 

 produced unless the coppice is grown on a relatively long rota- 

 tion and becomes high enough to provide standards with 



