ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 137 



4. Furnishes excellent protection both to the site and to 

 the stand against injuries by frost, heat and wind. In these 

 respects the method resembles selection. Since the younger 

 standards are always on the ground, a partial cover is con- 

 stantly maintained and the coppice springing up quickly 

 after each cutting affords additional protection. The stand- 

 ards are windfirm, having been gradually accustomed to 

 greater and greater exposure, while by their cover they pro- 

 tect the young coppice from frost, excessive drouth and 

 evaporation. 



5. Coppice with standards is aesthetically a desirable 

 method to use. Although less irregular in appearance than a 

 selection forest, a compound coppice stand permits develop- 

 ment of fine individual trees, contains several age classes at 

 all stages and does not produce the regular form which is a 

 consequence of the use of certain other methods. 



6. The natural factors of the site are utilized to the fullest 

 extent, because the root systems of the coppice underwood 

 and the several age classes of standards penetrate to different 

 depths in the soil, and the crowns are arranged correspondingly 

 at different heights. 



7. As compared with simple coppice, compound coppice has 

 the advantage of: 



(a) Abundant seed production by the standards, thus pro- 

 viding for an excellent representation of seedling trees among 

 the coppice sprouts. 



(b) Permits the production of considerable saw timber and 

 with a larger growing stock provides more adequately for 

 future demands. 



Disadvantages. i. Requires a high degree of skill in the 

 application of silviculture and in the regulation of the amount 

 to be cut. This comes from the complicated form of stand 

 which must be maintained and from the fact that in the man- 



