138 THE COPPICE WITH STANDARDS METHOD 



agement of the standards more consideration is given the 

 requirements of the individual tree than is the case under 

 other methods. 



2. Although timber is likely to be the principal product, 

 yet, just as with simple coppice, there must be a market for 

 cord wood or other low grade products. 



3. The standards being grown in relatively open position 

 may have a poor tree form, short clear length and large 

 branching top. On poor soils this is more to be feared than 

 on deep moist soils. On the former class of soils compound 

 coppice should not be used. This defect can be remedied to 

 some extent by pruning. With hardwood timber, compara- 

 tively clear wood of wide dimension is more desirable than 

 trees of smaller size entirely clear of knots. 4 



4. Coppice with standards makes relatively high demands 

 on the fertility of the soil, though not so exacting in this re- 

 spect as simple coppice. For this reason Schwappach 5 con- 

 siders the method suited to rich bottomlands subject to 

 inundation, and states that only on such situations will the 

 volume of money returns equal those secured from high 

 forest. 



Application of the Method. Compound coppice is of an- 

 cient origin in Europe, the reserving of standards having been 

 tried previous to 1600. The method fell into disfavor due to 

 the intensive silvicultural and regulation practice necessitated. 



In North America silviculture has not been practiced long 

 enough to furnish complete examples of such a complicated 

 method of reproduction as coppice with standards. 



There is good reason to believe that it will be employed 

 throughout much the same general regions as simple coppice 

 and be applied by private owners rather than on public 

 forests, for reasons similar to those given on page 123. 



For the production of white oak, white ash, and tuliptree 



