REFERENCES 213 



tial but oftentimes can be secured with little if any added 

 cost from inferior species, tops or cull material. 



In facilitating logging operations, seedlings and small trees 

 are cut if interfering with the choppers, sawyers, or skidding 

 crews, while merchantable trees are apt to be dropped in the 

 direction of their easiest fall, regardless of the young growth 

 which may thereby be smashed. With practice on the part 

 of the operators a large proportion of this class of destruction 

 can be eliminated. 



Destruction of unmerchantable growing stock is most likely 

 to occur in unevenaged stands where the young and the old 

 trees are intermixed on the same 'area. Under the clear cut- 

 ting method there is little temptation to injure the younger 

 age classes in the logging operations. 



Frequent inspection systematically conducted and supple- 

 mented by itemized reports with reference to the waste of 

 material or destruction of unmerchantable growing stock 

 furnishes the best method of control. 



REFERENCES 



1. GARY, A. Practical Forestry on a Spruce Tract in Maine. Circular 131, 

 Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, 1907, 

 p. 10. 



2. WOOLSEY, T. S., JR. Marking Western Yellow Pine. Forestry Quar- 

 terly, Vol. 7, 1909, p. 271. 



3. Marking Rules for Stands of the Western White-Pine Type on the 

 Coeur d'Alene National Forest. January 15, 1917, pp. 878-885 included in 

 an article entitled "Development in the Marking of Western White Pine 

 (Pinus monticola) in Northern Idaho" prepared by C. K. McHarg, J. Kittredge 

 and J. F. Preston, Journal of Forestry, Vol. XV, 1917, pp. 871-885. 



CARTER, E. E. The Silvicultural Results of Marking Timber on the National 

 Forests. Proceedings of the Society of American Foresters, Vol. Ill, 1908, 

 pp. 18-28. 



FROTHINGHAM, E. H. Principles Governing the Marking of Northern Hard- 

 woods in National Forest Timber Sale Practice in the White Mountains. 



