280 PROTECTION AGAINST TREE DISEASES 



and sound, thus preventing the weakening attacks of fungi. 

 Under intensive management shortening of the rotation, re- 

 generation of the forest in directions against the prevailing 

 winds and the development of protecting strips of windnrm 

 trees, along the exposed sides of stands subject to wind injury, 

 will assist in preventing loss. 



Stagheadedness can be prevented by maintaining the litter 

 and forest canopy, or by underplanting if the canopy is thin 

 or broken. 



REFERENCES 



1. HARTIG, ROBERT. Lehrbuch der Baumkrankheiten. 2d edition, Ber- 

 lin, 1889. 



2. HARTIG, ROBERT. Textbook of the Diseases of Trees, translated by 

 W. Somerville and H. Marshall Ward, London, 1894. 



3. RANKIN, W. H. Manual of Tree Diseases. New York, 1918. 



4. WEIR, J. R. A Study of the Rots of Western White Pine. Bulletin 

 799, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, 1919. 



5. MEINECKE, E. P. Forest Pathology in Forest Regulation. Bulletin 

 275, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, 1915, p. 12. 



6. LONG, W. H. Investigations of the Rotting of Slash in Arkansas. 

 Bulletin 496, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, 1917, pp. 9-11. 



7. LONG, W. H. A New Aspect of Brush Disposal in Arizona and New 

 Mexico. Proceedings of the Society of American Foresters, Vol. 10, 1915, 

 PP- 383-398. 



8. WEIR, J. R. and HUBERT, E. E. Forest Disease Surveys. Bulletin 

 658, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, 1918. 



9. TUBEUF, KARL F. VON. Diseases of Plants induced by Cryptogamic 

 Parasites, London, 1897, p. 83. 



10. MILLEN, F. H. Disease Control and Forest Management. Journal 

 of Forestry, Vol. XV, 1917, pp. 974-977. 



11. HUBERT, E. E. Fungi as Contributory Causes of Windfall in the 

 Northwest. Journal of Forestry, Vol. XVI, 1918, pp. 696-714. 



12. WEIR, J. R. and HUBERT, E. E. The Influence of Thinning on Western 

 Hemlock and Grand Fir Infected with Echinodontium Tinctorium. Journal 

 of Forestry, Vol. XVII, 1919, pp. 21-35. 



13. WEIR, J. R. and HUBERT, E. E. Pathological Marking Rules for Idaho 

 and Montana. Journal of Forestry, Vol. XVII, 1919, pp. 666-681. 



14. HUBERT, E. E. The Disposal of Infected Slash on Timber-Sale Areas 

 in the Northwest. Journal of Forestry, Vol. XVIII, 1920, pp. 34-56. 



