304 APPENDIX 



Coupe (French). Cutting or Cutting area. Not favored as a term in 



forest management. 



Cross section. A cut across the trunk or branch of a tree. See Basal 

 area. 



G., Querschnitt. F., section transversale. 



Crown. In silvics, the upper part of a tree, including the living branches 

 with their foliage. 



G., Krone. F., cime. 

 Crown canopy. See Crown cover. 



Crown class. All trees in a stand occupying a similar position in the 

 crown cover. The crown classes usually distinguished are: 



Dominant. Trees with crowns extending above the general level of 

 the forest canopy and receiving full light from above and partly from 

 the side; larger than the average trees in the stand, and with crowns 

 well-developed but possibly somewhat crowded on the sides. 



Co-dominant. Trees with crowns forming the general level of the 

 forest canopy and receiving full light from above but comparatively 

 little from the sides; usually with medium-sized crowns more or less 

 crowded on the sides. 



Intermediate. Trees with crowns below, but still extending into, the 

 general level of the forest canopy, receiving a little direct light from 

 above but none from the sides; usually with small crowns considerably 

 crowded on the sides. 



Overtopped. Trees with crowns entirely below the general forest 

 canopy and receiving no direct light either from above or from the 

 sides. These may be further divided into oppressed, usually with small, 

 poorly developed crowns, still alive, and possibly able to recover; and 

 suppressed or dying and dead. 



Crown cover. The canopy formed by the crowns of all the trees in a 

 forest, or, in an uneven-aged forest, by the crowns of all trees in a speci- 

 fied crown class. 



Syn. : canopy, crown canopy, leaf canopy. 

 G., Kronendach, Beschirmung. F., convert, voute foliacee. 

 Crown density. An expression of the relation of crown area (or crown 

 cover) to the land area involved, measuring the extent of shading 

 exercised by the crowns, with due regard to the habit of the species, site, 

 and age. It is usually expressed in decimal fraction of complete cover. 

 G., Beschirmungsdichte. F., epaisseur du convert. 



