326 APPENDIX 



or less irregular openings and enlarging these until the entire stand is 

 removed. 



G., Kesselhieb, Locherhieb. F., coupes par trouees. 



3. Seed tree method. Removal of the entire stand at one cut, but 

 leaving a small number of seed trees singly or in small groups, to be 

 eventually removed. If the seed trees are held over for another rota- 

 tion, this may be called Reserve tree method. 



G., Ueberhaltbetrieb. F., traitement en futaie avec reserve sur coupe 

 definitive. 



4. Selection method. That method of cutting in which single trees, 

 usually the largest, or small groups of such trees, are removed and 

 reproduction secured under the remaining stand and in the openings. 

 When groups of trees are taken, it is termed Group selection method. A 

 special form of the selection method is termed Selection border felling 

 or strip selection (G., Blendersaumschlag) when selection fellings are 

 made in narrow strips, in most instances beginning on the north 

 border and progressing southward, followed by clear cutting when 

 young growth is fairly established with the expectation of additional 

 marginal seeding. The resulting forest is uneven-aged in narrow lines. 



G., Plenterbetrieb, Femelbetrieb. F., jardinage, regime de la 

 futaie jardinee. 



6. Shelterwood method. A method of securing natural reproduction 

 under the temporary shelter of the seed tree crown cover, by means of 

 a series of cuttings throughout the stand, aimed to admit a gradually 

 increasing supply of light to the seedlings. The principle of the method 

 lies in the protection (shelter) which the seed trees (nurse trees) afford 

 the young growth during its youth. The number and severity of the 

 cuttings and hence the duration of the entire removal period, depends 

 upon the rate of establishment and the need of light by the young 

 growth. 



G., Schirmschlagbetrieb (Gayer and Lorey), in part Femelschlag- 

 betrieb (Lorey). F., regime de la futaie reguliere. 



In theory the series of cuttings is divided into four parts as follows: 



Preparatory cuttings or fellings fit the stand for its reproduction 

 (regeneration) by the removal of dead, dying, or defective trees and 

 undesirable species, and prepares the ground for the seedbed and 

 encourages seed production. A stand in which one or more prepara- 

 tory cuttings have been made is in the preparatory stage. 



