338 APPENDIX 



Under-cut. In forest management the cutting of a quantity of timber 

 less than the annual growth of the forest or the predetermined annual 

 cut. See also Lumber manufacturing terms. 

 Undergrowth. A term used to include underbrush, seedlings, shoots, and 



small saplings. 



Underplant. To set out young trees or sow seeds under an existing stand. 

 Under-stock. A growing stock less than the normal growing stock. 

 Underwood. See Composite forest. 



Uneven-aged. Applied to a stand or forest in which considerable 

 differences in age of trees occur, differences varying with the average 

 age of stand or forest. See Even-aged; Selection forest. 

 G., ungleichalteriger Bestand. F., peuplement mele. 

 Unit of regulation. See Subdivision, Working unit. 

 Used length. The total length of stem usable in commercial operations. 

 Used volume. The volume of that portion of the tree usable in commer- 

 cial operations. 

 Utilization value. See Value. 



Valuation survey. The survey of an average area (valuation area) 

 selected for detailed measurement and valuation. Often objectionably 

 used for mensuration areas when no valuation is involved but only 

 material is measured. 

 Value. The following values may be differentiated. 



Investment value. The purchase price or the actual expenditures or 

 investments that have been made in acquiring or creating the property 

 with interest, less incomes actually derived from it, with interest. 

 G., Anlagekapitalwert. 



Cost value. An investment value based on production. This may 

 be differentiated into Subjective cost value if based on actual expendi- 

 tures, and Objective cost value if based on estimated cost of replacement 

 of the property (as in damage suits). 

 G., Kostenwert. 



Sale or Exchange value. The market price based on statistics of 

 actual sales; a special kind of sale value is the forced sale or wrecking 

 value that can be obtained by exploitation of saleable parts (see Stump- 

 age value). 



G., Verkaufswert. F., valeur v6nale. 



Stock or Stumpage value. Based on sale value of material ready for 

 immediate utilization. 



