86 PLANTING 



However, by way of a summary, it may be stated that 

 these hot aspects are, especially if the soil be light, very much 

 more difficult to plant and manage than cool, moist localities ; 

 for growth in the spring starts early ; late spring and early 

 autumn frosts are common ; the effects of dry weather in the 

 summer are always more severe ; and the retention of a soil 

 covering of humus is a more difficult matter. On such 

 aspects, planting will often have to be confined to Scots and 

 Corsican Pines, or merely to Austrian Pine for shelter. 



Another matter that should be mentioned is the injurious 

 effect that a hot sun often has on young plants, especially 

 when they have been recently planted out. Transpiration 

 takes place at a greater rate than that at which the roots, 

 which have not become established, can supply the necessary 

 amount of water, and hence the young trees wilt, and 

 often die. 



So also, a hot sun in early spring often induces transpira- 

 tion before the root system has become active; and nearly 

 all the evergreen conifers can be seriously injured, and 

 sometimes killed, in this way ; the leaves turn brown and 

 fall off. 



Silver Fir and Beech are always, when young, very in- 

 tolerant of a hot sun, and protection from it is almost 

 imperative ; and, for this reason, these two trees, which will 

 bear intense shade, are far more suited for underplanting 

 than for being planted on open ground, and this quite apart 

 from their susceptibility to late frosts. 



Many other trees, such as Thuya gigantea and Douglas 

 Fir, benefit from a little shade when young. 



As to Floods. Any prolonged flooding of land is detri- 

 mental to trees. The trees least injured are Alder, Willows, 

 and Poplars, but even these would probably be killed if 

 flooded during the time in which the buds were breaking out 

 into leaf. 



In all cases where coppice areas are liable to become 

 flooded, the stools should be cut some distance from the 

 ground, as, otherwise, the latent buds, from which the new 

 shoots would grow, will become rotten. 



