108 PLANTING 



8 years, and the Silver Fir planted when a slight canopy is 

 formed. 



In these cases the Poplars should be artificially pruned, 

 like standards over coppice, and, when about 45 to 50 years 

 of age, they should yield very fine timber. 



By way of a Summary, the following general rules should 

 be observed : 



As to Mixtures. 

 In Even- Aged Woods : 



(1) When mixtures are made, they should preferably be 



made by patches or groups. 



(2) Mixtures by alternate species of trees, or by alternate 



rows, will give good results in only a few cases, i.e. 

 if the mutual pruning and height growth be similar. 



(3) Where quick-growing nurses are required, or where a 



mixture by rows is desired, there should be 3 to 8 

 rows of one species together, and then I or more 

 rows of the other species, unless the mutual pruning 

 effects be similar. 



(4) A greater degree of mixing is admissible with trees 



sown thickly than with trees artificially planted at 

 comparatively great distances apart. 



(5) Evergreen conifers should never be alternately mixed 



with broad-leaved trees or with Larch. 



(6) Evergreen conifers may usually be alternately mixed 



with each other if their height growth be similar. 



(7) A valuable species may often with advantage be 



introduced sporadically at about every 12 to 20 feet 

 apart, amongst other species, but artificial pruning 

 will often be necessary, and, unless it be capable of 

 bearing some shade, it must be quicker growing than 

 the other species. 



In Uneven- Aged Woods : 



(i) The younger trees must always be capable of bearing 

 the shade of the older trees. 



