204 TREATMENT OF COPPICE SYSTEMS 



to any healthy stool, and the trees themselves should be 

 planted 4 feet apart from each other, and in small pure 

 patches of from 5 to 9 trees each; though the miniature 

 groups of Larch may be fringed with Ash, especially if a 

 stool is near, for the Ash will bear some shade when young, 

 and may ultimately be coppiced if necessary. 



It is necessary to plant out many more trees than are 

 wanted at the next cutting over of the coppice, because many 

 will die and only exceptionally vigorous trees are required to 

 grow on for mature standards in the future ; therefore a 

 large number to select from is imperative. 



If the rotation is shorter than 25 years and it is intended 

 to grow mature timber of the same age as when the under- 

 wood is grown on a larger rotation, it will not be necessary 

 to plant out so many trees at each felling, nor will so many 

 trees of the various age classes be left per acre. 



The following tables will indicate the approximate 

 density for various rotations, and results after their manner 

 should be aimed at ; though it is impossible to obtain 

 mathematical accuracy in forestry operations : 



TABLE FOR OAK STANDARDS ONLY. 



Average soil and situation. 

 Rotation of Standards, 100 years. Rotation of Underwood, 25 years. 



Trees planted for standards 

 coppice . 



Total 



200 at each felling. 

 _6o 



260 trees. 



