AVERAGE EXPENSES 209 



wood is cut, and also auction expenses ; so that it is hardly 

 comparable with the average expenses incurred under high 

 forest, which, as stated elsewhere, may be taken as 2s. per acre 

 per annum, over and above a sum of is. 3d. represented by 

 the value of the sporting. 1 



These minimum expenses on a normally stocked area 

 may be detailed as follows : 



Planting 250 trees at end of rotation of 20 years . ,170 

 Expenses of sale, advertising, and half-year's * credit 



allowed to underwood buyers . . . . 0170 



Cutting underwood 0160 



Total . . ^300 



Or, average per annum equals 35 ^ 3 



Add For hedging, ditching, brushing rides, and 



repairs to dead fences and gates (on large areas) . o i 8 



Rates o o 10 



Attention to young crop, pruning, general super- 

 vision (on large areas), etc 009 



Total per acre per annum . . o 6 3 



* This half-year's credit is included, as it must be deducted from the gross 

 receipts when considering the net financial returns from coppice with standards ; 

 though not properly speaking an outgoing. 



In the above estimate, nothing has been allowed for 

 felling the standards, although it is far preferable that they 

 be felled by the home staff of woodmen, yet the branch and 

 cord wood, and faggots will about equal the cost of felling. It 

 is almost always advisable to sell the standards separately 

 from the underwood. 



With a view to increasing the sporting amenities of a 

 wood, so-called " covert plants " are often planted. There is 

 generally more necessity for planting these in woods grown 

 under high forest systems than where coppice is grown, but 

 their employment may be considered here. 



1 The sporting value of land under ordinary high forest is never so 

 great as is the case when the system of coppice with standards is 

 followed. 



