THE TURKEY OAK 363 



and of the Winter Moth (Cheimatobia brumata]^ and of 

 the Brown tail Moth {Bombyx chrysorrhced), and of the 

 Lackey Moth (Eombyx neustrid], attack the foliage. Various 

 species of Gall Wasps (Cynips) cause galls of various 

 kinds. C. querci produces the " Oak Apple Galls." C. kollari 

 produces the Oak Marble Galls, etc. 



The Turkey Oak. This is a tree of little value sylvi- 

 culturally, unless it should increase considerably in market 

 value. Its timber is not durable, nor is it so strong or tough 

 as the common Oak. However, for internal decorative house- 

 work and for furniture, it might be largely used, as it is a 

 handsome wood when properly converted. It shrinks much 

 on seasoning, and has a great tendency to crack and split. 



The tree is hardier, less exacting, and of quicker growth 

 than the common Oak. 



The acorns, with their moss-covered cups, do not ripen 

 until the second autumn. 



The Red Oak or American Oak. This is an extremely 

 fast-growing tree, and should be given an extensive trial in 

 this country. 



The tree thrives on somewhat light dry soil, provided it 

 be deep ; it is not so successful on stiff clays. 



The timber is not likely to prove very durable or of great 

 value. But the rapidity of its growth will compensate for its 

 low price per foot. The timber will probably prove very 

 suitable for all internal house construction, for furniture, 

 barrel staves, etc. 



The trees coppice very well. They might with advantage 

 be grown as standards over coppice. The acorns take 2 years 

 to ripen. 



The Evergreen or Holm Oak. This must be regarded 

 only as an ornamental tree, as it is a very slow-growing tree 

 indeed. It is less injured by salt spray and sea breezes than 

 probably any other broad-leaved tree, and can be strongly 

 recommended for seaside planting if the soil be sufficiently 

 deep. It prefers a little lime in the soil. It is a difficult tree 

 to transplant, since it makes a long naked tap-root. 



The timber is very heavy and hard, and very durable, 



