SCOTS PINE 405 



fungus, is the Cceoma form of Melampsora pinitorqua, which 

 causes a well-known rust on the leaves of Poplars. The Caoma 

 chiefly attacks Scots and Weymouth Pines up to about 12 

 years of age. 



Yellow Cceoma pustules appear on the bark of the current 

 year's shoots, causing a cankerous appearance, and the shoots 

 become twisted and bent. 



Cerastoma piliferum, a saprophyte, causes the bluish dis- 

 coloration of Scots Pine and other coniferous timber. 



Of Insects. Scots Pines are perhaps more liable than 

 any other trees to insect attacks. 



Cockchafer grubs (the larvae of Melolontha vulgaris) 

 gnaw through the roots of young trees, especially in new 

 plantations made on grass land or on land recently ploughed. 

 Nursery stock also often suffers from the ravages of the grubs, 

 and also from wire-worms (the larvae of Agriotes lineatus}. 



The Pine Weevil ( = Hylobius abietis), sometimes known 

 as the large brown Pine weevil, gnaws the bark off the stems of 

 young conifers, usually from 2 to 7 years old, and consequently 

 kills them. Scots Pine and Spruce are chiefly attacked, but 

 also other conifers ; and, occasionally, broad-leaved trees. On 

 account of the great damage done by this insect, the fellings 

 in Scots Pine and Spruce woods should never be consecutive, 

 but should be arranged intermittently. Also, when replanting 

 Scots Pine or Spruce areas with coniferous crops, it is 

 advisable, where possible, to burn the area over or to wait for 

 2 or 3 years before replanting ; the latter method, however, 

 should be avoided if possible. Bark traps should be laid to 

 catch the weevils. 



The Small Brown Pine Weevil ( = Pissodes Notatus), 

 attacks Scots, Corsican, and Weymouth Pines in particular, 

 and, occasionally, Spruce and Larch. 



The weevils prick the bark through and suck the sap. 

 The young trees look as if pricked with pins, and little beads 

 of resin ooze out. 



Young plantations of 3 to 8 years old are attacked. 

 The insect is chiefly confined to Scotland. 



The Large Pine Beetle = Hylesinus (or Hylurgus) pini- 



