CONTENTS 



Xlll 



Chapter V. The Coppice Systems 



Simple coppice 



Age of cutting 



Season of cutting 



Care in cutting 



The cutting . 



Maintenance of density 



Arrangement of cutting 

 Holding over reserves . 



Pole-wood coppice 



Use in the hardwood region of the East 

 The reproduction cuttings 

 The second cutting 



Coppice with standards 



Chapter VI. Improvement of the Forest 

 Improvement cuttings . 

 Cleanings 

 Liberation cuttings 

 Thinnings . 



Need of thinnings 



Results of thinnings 



Theory of thinnings 



Principles governing the 



Time of first thinning 



Repetition of thinnings 



Application in Europe 



The French method 



Practical application of thinnings i 

 country 

 Accretion cuttings 

 Improvement work in irregular stands 



severity of thinnings 



this 



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