36 THE PRINCIPLES OF HANDLING WOODLANDS 



B. The. Clear-Cutting Systems. 



1. Cleai'-Cutting with Artificial Reproduction. 



a. Clear-Cutting the Whole Stand. The whole stand 



is clear-cut in one operation, and the area re- 

 stocked by artificial seeding or planting. 



b. Clear-Cutting in Strips. The stand is removed 



gradually by a series of clear-cuttings in strips. 



c. Clear-Cutting in Patches. The stand is removed 



gradually by a series of clear-cutting opera- 

 tions, at least the first cuttings having the form 

 of irregular patches cut in the stand. 



2. Clear-Cutting with Natural Reproduction. 



a. Clear-Cutting the Whole Stand. The stand is 



clear-cut in one operation, and the surround- 

 ing stands are relied upon for reproduction. 



b. Reserving Blocks of Trees. The stancTis cut 



clear, except for large blocks of trees left stand- 

 ing for seed, the latter usually constituting 

 not over 1 5 to 2 5 per cent, of the area. 



c. Reserving Scattered Seed-Trees. The stand is cut 



clear, except for scattered individual trees left 

 standing for seed. 



d. Reserving Groups of Seed-Trees. The stand is 



cut clear, except small groups left here and 

 there for seed. 



e. Reserving Thrifty Standards. All trees are cut, 



except a limited number of thrifty individuals 

 left to furnish seed, and to grow with the new 



