SYSTEMS OF CLEAR-CUTTING 107 



the aim to select, when possible, stands containing thrifty 

 trees, which are likely to live for from 25 to 50 years. 

 In the cutting it is desired, as far as possible, to remove 

 the declining trees and those attacked by fungus. 



Characterization of the System. The system just 

 described is one of temporary expediency. As a measure 

 of silviculture it has serious defects, and it should be 

 used only where necessary. The chief defects are as 

 follows: 



1. A considerable amount of excellent timber is 

 sacrificed to reproduction, with a loss in the plan of 

 close utilization. 



2. While reproduction will occur, it is problematical 

 whether it will be in the amount and of the form desired. 

 Thus, in the example cited another species might seize 

 on areas planned for white pine. The area cleared is so 

 large that in many cases the density will not reach the 

 degree hoped for. 



3. The system necessitates the clearing in one place 

 of a very extensive area. An ordinary operation would 

 cover two or three sections from 70 to 85 per cent, 

 clear. Such a clearing is not desirable. 



Reserving Scattered Seed-Trees. This system in- 

 volves the removal of all trees in a merchantable stand, 

 except a small number left scattered on the clearing for 

 the distribution of seed. The essential characteristics 

 which distinguish the method are: 



1. There are only a very limited number of trees. 



2. The trees are isolated and scattered. 



