would seem to be a demonstration of tlie need of this classification. As compared with each other, the northerners are tail and 

 long-headed, the southerners short and broad-headed. The average height of the Cagayans, like that of the entire northern group, 

 is 5 feet 4 inclies. The Cagayans differ from other northerners, however, in having a very broad nose, slightly broader even than 

 the average southern nose. They ratlier excel in regularity of features. The nose, although short, is generally straight. Their 

 jjrognathism or projection of the lower part of the face is but slight. Their span of arms in proportion to the height of the body 

 is less than that of any other Indios with the exception of the Pamj)angas. To judge from the eighteen found in Bilibid, their 

 color is darker, also, than that of others, as dark as that of the Moros — that is, they are of a reddish rather than a yellowish brown. 

 IJke all Malays they are practically beardless. "" 



The Jlocanos (Pis. 12-22) are interesting in that they seem to be not one homogeneous people, physically, but in part south- 

 erners and in part nortlierners ; and, more strangely yet, those of the southern type occupy the provinces that extend to the extreme 

 north of I.,uzon. To make sure of this unexpected conclusion, larger numbers were measured from the Ilocano provinces than 

 from any others in the Archipelago. The result seems unquestionable. The southern llocos are tall and long-headed, like the 

 Cagayans just described, while the inhabitants of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, and Union Provinces are shorter and more brachy- 

 eephalic, like the Bicols. The only explanation which suggested itself is that the latter provinces, being more truly coast lands 

 than the others, although far to the north, have preserved the "littoral"" or lowland typo tliat characterizes all the southern Indios 

 and re])resents, perhaps, the last Malay wave of migration; while the so-called "llocanos" of Pangasinan ajid Tarlac are at least 

 by mixture ^lai'tly Pangasinan, or of the highland and northern type and blood. 



The famous Moros (Pis. 23-31), or Mohannnedan peoples of the southern islands, must be classed physically with the Chris- 

 tians, the "Indios."' Indeed, they are not so unlike the average "Neo-ilalay," as the whole group may be called, as are others of 

 their southern kinsmen. While the Bicols and Yisayas are the shortest of all the group, the Moros approach the average. Indeed, 

 in length of head they resemble the northerners more than the southerners. On the other hand, they excel all other southerners in 

 breadth of nose. There are evidently two types of :Moros— a purer type, no doubt, on Jolo and the smaller islands, and a type 

 on ^Mindanao which approaches in characteristics the tall "Indonesians" of the interior of that island with whom they have 

 probably mixed. 



The Pampangas and I'anaasiiians (Pis. 32-3(S), who come next in order, ai'e members of the northern dixision and differ but 

 little between tliemsehcs t'\c('|iting in tlie sbape of the bead. While tln' Pampangas have the longest heads in relation to breadth 



