EECLAIMING LAND. 133 



The cost of transportation has not been included in these 

 figures, and the cost of labor must be added. 



Still another method of planting has been suggested, 

 which I think has not been extensive!/ tried, if tried at all; 

 namely, to set the trees (white pines, for example) out eight 

 or ten feet apart each way, and then set a Norway spruce, 

 centred between every four pines ; the purpose of setting 

 the spruce, Avith its pyramidal shape, being to prevent 

 the growth of limbs on the pines, and to allow of the 

 spruces being cut down when the pines are sufficiently tall. 



The way that I have treated trees, where I have wanted 

 ornamental rather than thick woods, in places much ex- 

 posed to the winds of winter, has been to buy the trees 

 as seedlings, and set them in nursery rows in spring, and 

 cultivate them, at small expense, for a couple of years, until 

 the roots have developed sufficiently to give them a good 

 start when they have been put in permanent locations. 



"When I have set such trees out in open land, the whole 

 surface has been plowed the previous autumn ; and in spring 

 the trees have been set at the intersection of cross furrows 

 about ten feet apart each 'way, and I have cultivated them 

 somewhat during the two years since planting. Of the trees 

 so planted I have lost only a very small per cent. 



In this way there have been set out about an acre, for 

 what I hope will be eventually a grove of ash trees. 



Every other tree each way is either a w^hite ash or an 

 Austrian pine ; my belief being that these pines will prove a 

 protection to the young ash trees until they begin to inter- 

 fere so as to injure one another, when I intend to cut down 

 the pines. 



I have also part of an acre planted with hemlocks in a 

 similar way, except that they are planted nearer together, 

 being a more delicate tree, but a very graceful one, espe- 

 cially while young. 



A plantation of an acre of European larch trees which 

 were planted about ten years ago with less care, but as then 

 generally recommended, proved a complete disappointment. 



In some localities, where the white pine is a native, small 

 seedlings, growing wild, can be secured in large quantities 

 as a gift. This is frequently the case in localities where there 



