220 THE CULTIVATION OF THE 



budded. Tongue grafting is, I believe, most often 

 employed, although some use saddle grafting, and not 

 often cleft grafting. 



A saddle graft is where, for instance, we commence 

 back an inch more or less from the bottom of the seed- 

 ling cut square off several inches above the root ; now 

 shave off each side so as to make a sharp wedge. Now 

 take the corresponding end of the pear stock you wish 

 to graft on to the seedling, in it cut a deep notch to re- 

 ceive the wedge of the seedling. One fits accurately 

 into the other when cut by an expert. 



Tongue grafting is where you shave off only one side 

 of each instead of making a complete wedge, then cut 

 notches in the two cut sides and apply them together so 

 the notches dove-tail in. Cleft grafting is where you split 

 the large limb and set in one or more of the grafts 

 wedged a little at the inserting end. After the stalks 

 have been grafted, tie them with waxed cotton yarn and 

 put them back in the cellar. In the spring set them out 

 and put the graft several inches under ground, at least 

 up to the first or best bud on the new stalk. Don't 

 trouble about the yarn, it rots off itself. 



For a full description of grafting and budding, see 

 Charles Downing's Fruits and Fruit Trees of America. 

 Here you will find plates, and without plates it is not 

 easy to properly demonstrate such matters in a book. 



