224 THE CULTIVATION OF THE 



but if we plant the tree deep, several inches up the pear 

 stalk, the pear stock will throw off roots and then we 

 will have what is called a half Standard tree. 



The Hybrid trees are obtained, as before stated, by 

 the pollen of one tree standing near another, fertilizing 

 the blossom of the mother tree, and the seed of that fruit 

 being planted, brings forth a new tree with fruit different 

 from both parent trees. Fruit propagators often carry 

 on this fertilizing of blossoms, artificially. 



Now what kind of pear tree shall we plant on the 

 Peninsula ; Standards or Dwarfs ? 



P. T. Quinn of Newark, New Jersey, a great au- 

 thority on pears in his neighborhood, writing in 1869, de- 

 clared all Dwarf pears for orchard culture a failure 

 except the Duchess, and this only does well on quince 

 roots, but becomes half standard by throwing out roots 

 from the pear stock. By judicious pruning, he says, he 

 brings his Standards into bearing at from four to five 

 years old. Now this is better than we can do on the 

 Peninsula with our Standard trees, and fully as well as 

 we can do with Dwarfs. 



I have looked into this matter very closely as to the 

 advisability of planting Standards or Dwarfs. I have 

 visited many of the celebrated pear orchards of the 

 Peninsula, and have talked with, and argued the question 

 with many of the most successful growers, and am very 



