254 THE CULTIVATION OF THE 



right ; now fill up another third with soil and tramp well, 

 and now fill up entirely and tramp well, and lastly, 

 throw a little soil as a small bank around the tree. It 

 will be seen here no sub-soil has been used ; we take 

 the soil from the ground around the tree, and then 

 scatter the sub-soil in its place. Before we plant the 

 tree we should cut off clean, all broken or bruised roots* 

 and all broken or bruised limbs. 



Planting the Dzuarf tree differs somewhat in method 

 from planting the Standard tree. Dig the holes as for 

 Standards and plant in the same way, except, set the 

 Dwarf tree not more than five, and not less than three 

 inches below where it has been grafted to the quince. 

 Now the pear stalk will throw out first, hair roots, then 

 rootlets, and at last, full roots, and the tree will become 

 a-half Standard, and be a better tree, stand up in storms 

 better, and live longer than with the quince root alone. 

 Some growers, in order to urge the starting of the pear 

 roots, nick the bark of the pear-stalk in one or more 

 places before setting. The argument is that nature will 

 then become active here to repair the wound, and, hence, 

 a root will grow sooner at this point ; or, if the Dwarf 

 pear tree don't grow well after a year or two, scratch 

 the dirt away from the roots and slit the bark in a few 

 places and replace the dirt ; then the pear roots will 

 start. Now we have the orchard planted ; what shall 

 we do with it until it comes in } In Standards, plant a 



