294 THE CULTIVATION OF THE 



one-third the length of the whole scale. The ventral 

 side is closed, leaving only a narrow transverse slit at the 

 posterior end. Color of scale, white ; length, 2-3 of an 

 inch. The color of the male is bright ochre, with eyes 

 and throat-band black. This scale is common in Eng- 

 land and I give it here in order that our growers, especi- 

 ally our intelligent young growers, intent after know- 

 ledge, may look for it, and looking for it, I know they 

 will find it. Every fruit grower should be a naturalist, 

 even if in a small way. Any of the tree washes given 

 will destroy them. Especially carbolic acid washes, and 

 the wash of one pound of copperas to one gallon water. 



THE ELEMENTS. 



Heat we have spoken of as often injuring the pear 

 prospect, so thunder storms, cold rains, especially east- 

 erly rain-storms, coming on and lasting several days at 

 the latter end of blossoming time, often decimate the 

 crop. Wind storms and rain storms at picking time are 

 also destructive, but against such visitations of God, poor, 

 weak man is powerless. 



STARVATION. 



Many trees suffer from starvation, and starved trees 

 are, of course, subject to all the train of evils coming on 

 weak trees. The remedy, of course, is proper nourish- 

 ment. 



