296 THE CULTIVATION OF THE 



An infested tree is known by the castings thrown 

 out of the small perforations made by the borers, which 

 live under the bark of the trunk, and subsist chiefly upon 

 the inner bark. They make their cocoons under the 

 bark, and change to chrysali'ls in the latter part of the 

 summer. The winged insect appears in the autumn, 

 having, like others of this kind, left their chrysalis skins 

 projecting from the orifice of the holes which they had 

 previously made. In its winged form it is like the 

 yEgeria, which inhabits the currant bush, but is smaller. 

 The remedy is to hunt them in their holes, known by the 

 castings around it, and poke them with wires, and apply 

 one of the tree washes. One of the carbolic acid washes 

 is the best. 



This borer inhabits both the Standard and Dwarf 

 pear woods. 



THE QUINCE TREE BORER—" Super da Bivittata^ 



This is the borer that plays havoc with the Dwarf 

 pear trees, attacking the quince stock. Downing de- 

 scribes it as the larva of a brown and white striped beetle, 

 half an inch long, and it remains in this grub-state two 

 or three years, coming out of the tree in a butterfly form, 

 the last of May or the first of June, and flies in the night, 

 only, from tree to tree, after its food, and finally deposit- 

 ing its eggs during this and the next month in the collar 

 of the tree. Here the grub eithc girdles the quince 



