322 THE CULTIVATION OF THE 



a heavy loam and flat land for your orchard, and for 

 Dwarfs, plant six inches below the union ; cut the bark 

 heavy above the union before planting ; do not mix your 

 Standard with your Dwarf in planting ; plant your Dwarf 

 full ten feet apart each way ; Standard, fully twenty feet. 

 If you mix in planting, the Standard will smother out 

 the Dwarf ; do not plant too many varieties. 



ANSWERS RECEIVED FROM GROWER, NO. 2. 



Question i. I have not at command, nor have I the 

 ability or time to answer in a satisfactory way. 



Question 2. Standards have done best with me. 

 The fact that my Dwarfs break off at the point where 

 the quince and pear meet, when heavily loaded with 

 fruit, or during high winds, is a serious objection. Some 

 varieties seem to die young on quinces. Such is the 

 case with Kieffer. 



Question 3. An alluvial soil with open sub-soil, and 

 elevation with western exposure. Valleys are an 

 objection for all fruit trees that are liable to be killed by 

 late frosts. 



Question 4. Cannot tell, as my Standards and 

 Dwarfs are all alive that I have planted since I am in the 

 State, which is nineteen years, and show no signs of 

 giving way. 



Question 5. Spring, by late frost and eastern rain. 



