CATTLE AND POTTERY 119 



intermediate and dry-zone country is entered, small 

 herds are frequently seen. That the presence of tsetse 

 fly is not entirely accountable for the scarcity of cattle 

 in the forested region is shown by the occurrence of the 

 peculiar dwarfed variety with short legs, which is found 

 in Ondo, Ilesha, Ifon, Ishan, and even in the Bassa 

 Province in Northern Nigeria, in all of which districts 

 " tsetse " flies of at least two species are met with. 

 (Olossina palpalis and O. pallidipes.) It is stated by the 

 natives that the dwarf cattle are immune from fly disease, 

 but that introduced animals succumb to it. The appearance 

 of these animals, an illustration of one of which is given, 

 reproduced from a photograph taken at Illara (Fig. 25), 

 is remarkable. The prevailing colours are black and 

 white, black, and more rarely fawn-coloured. There is no 

 dorsal hump, and the forequarters are generally lower 

 than the hind. A second illustration, from a photograph 

 taken at Owo (Fig. 26), gives an idea of the relative size 

 of a full-grown animal compared with that of a boy. 

 Another peculiarity of the above-mentioned districts is 

 that the goats occurring there are similarly short-legged 

 and diminutive ; there is also said to be a stunted variety 

 of horse, which is bred for use at Ondo. When the open 

 country is reached, two varieties of cattle are seen, one 

 of the Indian zebu type, with a large dorsal hump, the 

 prevailing colour of which is white, and another with a 

 straight back. The latter kind is seen as far south as 

 Onitsha, on the east bank of the Niger. 



POTTERY. Earthen pots are made in several parts 

 of the country, and are usually symmetrically formed, 

 although no wheel is used in their preparation. The 

 large earthen jars made at Abeokuta are used in the 

 palm oil, native beer, and indigo industries. 



FOREST RESERVES. These are now being formed 

 everywhere in order to replace the destruction of recent 

 years. The irregular rainfall renders natural regenera- 

 tion very poor, and artificial regeneration by means of 

 planting by leaseholders for trees cut down has proved 

 unsatisfactory. In 1913 some villages in the Central 

 Province started small mahogany plantations, and trees 

 for fuel are now being grown in several districts. The 

 value of such trees as Afzelia africana and Triplochiton 

 joJinsoni has been recently demonstrated. 



