14 VOELCKER on the Value of Artificial Manures. 



times from the Cirencester gasworks, were found to contain in 100 

 gallons 



Ammonia, No. 1 18 Ibs. 



No. II 27 



At Sd. per Ib. the ammonia in one gallon of No. I. was worth 

 Hrf., and in No. II. about 2d. 



A considerable deduction, however, should be made for the 

 carriage of the large quantity of water in which the carbonate of 

 ammonia is dissolved in the gas-liquor. The expense for car- 

 riage, indeed, will amount to more than the liquor is worth, if 

 it has to be carted away several miles from the gasworks ; and 

 even in the immediate neighbourhood of the works a penny per 

 gallon for gas-liquor, of the strength of the second sample, is a 

 sufficiently high price. 



The price asked for the liquor was 3d. per gallon ; but its 

 strength having been determined by analysis, it was obtained at 

 Id. per gallon. 



Shoddy is the sweepings of the mills and other mixed refuse 

 from cloth manufactories. It is used occasionally for wheat and 

 hops. On account of the large amount of oil (26 to 30 per cent.) 

 which it contains it decomposes but slowly in the soil, and for 

 this reason fails to produce an immediate effect. It should there- 

 fore be applied to the land a considerable time before the crop 

 which it is intended to benefit has made its appearance above- 

 ground ; or better still, it should be brought to a state of fer- 

 mentation by the addition of putrid urine. It varies exceedingly 

 in composition, and consequently in value. Thus four different 

 specimens were found to contain in 100 parts : 



Nitrogen. Ash. 



No. 1 3-02 35-50 



No. II 2-82 25-52 



No. Ill 2-12 28-40 



No. IV 6-16 15-53 



A ton of each sample therefore contained : 



No. I. nitrogen 67-6 Ibs. worth, at Qd. per Ib. .. 1 13 9 



No. II. 63-1 Ibs. .. 1 11 6 



No. III. 47-5 Ibs. .. 1 3 8i 



No. IV. 138-0 Ibs. ..390 



Though the best sample was worth almost exactly three times 

 as much as the Vorst, all were sold indiscriminately at 30s. per 

 ton. 



Wheat-Manure, supplied by a London manufacturer at 8/. per 

 ton: the composition of this manure in 100 parts is as fol- 

 lows : 



