24 VOELCKER on the Chemistry of Food. 



nearly half its weight of woody fibre, which possesses little or no 

 value as a feeding substance. Compared with oats and barley, 

 these grains appear to be at least twice as valuable as rice-dust. 



Brewer's Grains. A hundred pounds of fresh brewer's grains 

 were found, by Johnston, to contain 



Water . 75-85 



Gum 



Husk 



Flesh-forming substances 

 Inorganic matter, or ash 



1-06 



21-28 



0-62 



1-19 



Brewer's grains weigh about 46 Ibs. to the bushel, and cost 3d. 

 to 3%d. for this weight. The proportion of water present in 

 brewer's grains is large, whilst that of flesh-forming constituents 

 is but small. The greater part of the solid matter consists of 

 husk. For these reasons the nutritive value of this refuse does 

 not range high. But though the solid part consists principally of 

 husk, the experience of cow-feeders shows that it is not by any 

 means worthless for the feeding of milk-cows. Turnips are the 

 kind of food most usually given with brewer's grains ; half a 

 bushel of the latter and 25 Ibs. of turnips per day being a fair 

 allowance for a dairy cow. 



Distillery Refuse. The liquid which remains in the still after 

 the spirit has been drawn off, when the fermented worts are dis- 

 tilled by the spirit manufacturer, is called distillery refuse. It is 

 a muddy, more or less thick, liquid, which may be turned to 

 profitable account by employing it as a feeding material for cows 

 or pigs. Kept for some time in tanks it turns sour, and in this 

 state is generally given to pigs. It is highly esteemed by dairy- 

 men, according to whose experience it promotes the abundant 

 secretion of rich milk. 



Two samples of distillery refuse from a whisky distillery in 

 the island of Islay were analysed some years ago by the late 

 Professor Johnston. The one contained the more fluid portion 

 of the liquid, the other the thicker matter, which subsides in the 

 tank into which the liquid runs when it is first drawn from the 

 stills. 



The following results were obtained in the analysis of these 

 two liquids : 



1st, The thinner liquid. An imperial gallon left on evapora- 

 tion 4235 grains, or every 5 gallons contained upwards of 3 Ibs. 

 of dry solid matter, consisting of 



Grains. 



Organic matter 3871 



Inorganic matter 364 



4235 



The organic matter consisted of some unchanged sugar and 

 gum, and albuminous and other compounds in a more or less 

 altered condition. 



