AND THE SUBSTITUTES FOli OIL-CAKES. 7 1 



to from 50 to 54 per cent., whilst in oil it rises to from 80 to 86 

 per cent., therefore, ready-formed fat or oil goes a much longer 

 way in producing fat than sugar or gum. 



I think, practically speaking, you may say that one pound of 

 oil, or ready-made fat, goes as far in producing fat in the animal 

 economy as two pounds of sugar or mucilage. The amount of 

 fat-forming constituents in linseed-cake is 58 per cent., which is 

 not much less than the quantity of sugar and mucilage together 

 in the carob-bean. Still carob-beans may be usefully employed 

 for fattening purposes. At the farm attached to the Agricultural 

 College at Cirencester, some experiments were made with carob- 

 beans. Without entering into particulars, I would observe that the 

 effect produced was about equal to that produced by barley-meal. 



With respect to the other substances mentioned Irish moss, 

 rice-meal, and Indian corn I would observe that they are infe- 

 rior in value to the carob-bean. Irish moss may be usefully 

 given to calves, where it is no consideration to use an expensive 

 article of food ; but when you have to use it in quantities it is 

 not an economical food, and the price at which it is sold pre- 

 cludes its general application. Its chief merit is that it is rich 

 in mucilage, and well adapted for animals which have not got a 

 very good digestion. 



Then Indian meal is a food which I think will come more and 

 more into use, inasmuch as it is particularly well adapted for 

 fattening purposes. Its chief merit is its fattening properties, for 

 it is richer in fat-forming matters than almost any other descrip- 

 tion of food. I have recently discovered that the ready-made fat 

 in Indian corn amounts to from 5i to 6 per cent., or a larger pro- 

 portion than is found in any other kind of corn. Indian corn, 

 therefore, is particularly well adapted for fattening purposes. 



Mr. BERE -And producing milk. 



The PROFESSOR Not so much for milk, as food richer in 

 nitrogen is required for that. A more nitrogenized food should 

 be given to fattening animals ; that is to say, you should not 

 feed animals entirely with Indian corn, for the proportion of 

 flesh-forming matters in Indian corn is small. A very good ad- 

 mixture with Indian corn is bean-meal, as that supplies a material 

 deficiency in Indian corn ; and such a mixture as that named I 

 have seen used with great advantage, both for fattening cattle and 

 pigs. A very good proportion of bean-meal to Indian corn is five 

 pounds of the former to one pound of the latter. That produces a 

 mixture which contains the proportion of flesh-forming matters 

 and fat-producing matters nicely balanced, so as to meet the 

 wants of fattening animals. 



There are other substitutes for concentrated food which I will 

 pass by unnoticed. I cannot however part with you without 

 thanking you for the great attention you have paid to me to-night. 



