CONTENTS. 



Preface - - " - - iii 



List of Contributors - . . vi 



Indications and accentuation of Systematic 



Names - - - - vii 



Rules for pronouncing Systematic Names . vii 



List of Books referred to - _ . viii 



Tables of Weights and Measures . - xix 



List of Engravings - - . xxii 



PART I. 



AGRICULTURE CONSIDERED AS TO ITS ORIGIN, PROGRESS, AND PRESENT STATE 

 AMONG DIFFERENT NATIONS, GOVERNMENTS, AND CLIMATES. 



BOOK I. 



HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE AMONG ANCIENT 

 AND MODERN NATIONS. 



Chap. I. Page 



Of the History of Agriculture in the Ages of 

 Antiquity ; or from the Deluge to the Esta- 

 blishment of the Roman Empire, in the Cen- 

 tury preceding the vulgar iEra ... 4 



I. Of the Agriculture of Egypt - - 5 



II. Of the Agriculture of the Jews, and other 



Nations of Antiquity - - -7 



III. Of the Agriculture of the Greeks - 9 



IV. Of the Agriculture of the Persians, Cartha- 



ginians, and other Nations of Antiquity - 11 



Chap. II. 



History of Agriculture among the Romans, or 

 from the Second Century B. C. to the Fifth 

 Century of our ^ra - - - 12 



I. Of the Roman Agricultural Writers - 12 



II. Of the Proprietorship, Occupancy, and 



General Management of Landed Pro- 

 perty among the Romans - - 13 



III. Of the Surface, Soil, Climate, and other 



Agricultural Circumstances of Italy, 

 during the Time of the Romans - - 15 



IV. Of the Culture and Farm Management of 



the Romans - - . - 16 



1. Of the Choice of a Farm, and of the Villa 



or Farmery - - . - 16 



2. Of the Servants employed in Roman Agri- 



culture - - . - 18 



3. Of the Beasts of Labour used by the 



Romans - - - . - 21 



4. Of the Agricultural Implements of the 



Romans - . . - 22 



5. Of the Agricultural Operations of the 



Romans - - . . .24 



6. Of the Crops cultivated, and Animals 



reared by the Romans - - 28 



7. Of the General Maxims of Farm Manage- 



ment among the Romans - - 29 



V. Of the Produce and Profit of Roman Agri- 



culture - . - - 30 



VI. Of the Roman Agriculturists, in respect to 



General Science, and the Advancement 

 of the Art - - -31 



VII. Of the Extent to which Agriculture was 



carried in the Roman Provinces, and of 

 its Decline - - - .32 



Chap. III. 

 History of Agriculture during the Middle Ages, 

 or from the Fifth to the Seventeenth Cen- 

 tury . - . . .33 



I. History of Agriculture in Italy, during the 



Middle Ages - . _ -33 



II. History of Agriculture in France, from the 



Fifth to the Seventeenth Century . 34 



III. Of the Agriculture of Germany and other 



Northern States, from the Fifth to the 

 Seventeenth Century - . - 35 



IV. History of Agriculture in Britain, from the 



Fifth to the Seventeenth Century . 35 



1. History of Agriculture in Britain during 



the Anglo-Saxon Dynasty, or from the 

 Fifth to the Eleventh Century . 35 



2. Of the State of Agriculture in Britain 



after the Norman Conquest, or from the 

 Eleventh to the Thirteenth Century . 37 



3. History of Agriculture in Britain, from 



the Thirteenth Century to the Time of 

 Henry VIII. . . .39 



Page 



4. History of Agriculture, from the Time of 

 Henry VIII. to the Revolution in 1688 - 40 

 V. History of Agriculture in Ultra-European 



Countries during the Middle Ages - 47 



Chap. IV. 

 Present State of Agriculture in Europe - 47 



I. Of the present State of Agriculture in 



Italy . . - - 47 



1. Of the Agriculture of Lombardy - 48 



2. Of the Agriculture of Tuscany - -50 



3. Of the Agriculture of the Maremmes, or 



the District of Pestilential Air - 54 



4. Of Farming in the Neapolitan Territory, 



or the Land of Ashes - - ~ 56 



II. Of the present State of Agriculture in 



Switzerland - - - 58 



1. Of the Agriculture of the Swiss Cantons - 58 



2. Of the Agriculture of the Duchy of Savoy 62 



III. Of the present State of Agriculture in 



France - - - - 65 



1. Of the Progress of French Agriculture, 



from the Sixteenth Century to the pre- 

 sent Time - - - 65 



2. Of the general Circumstances of France, 



in respect to Agriculture - -66 



3. Of the common Farming of France - 68 



4. Of Farming in the warmer Climates of 



France - - . _ 70 



IV. Of the present State of Agriculture in 



Holland and the Netherlands - - 72 



1. Of the present State of Agriculture in 



Holland - - - - 72 



2. Of the present State of Agriculture in the 



Netherlands - - - 73 



V. Of the present State of Agriculture in Ger- 



many - - - - 87 



1. General View of the Agricultural Circum- 



stances of Germany . - 87 



2. Agriculture of the Kingdom of Denmark, 



including Greenland and Iceland - 89 



3. Of the Agriculture of the Kingdom of 



Prussia - - - - 90 



4. Of the Agriculture of the Kingdom of 



Hanover - .. - - 92 



5. Of the present State of Agriculture in 



Saxony - - - - 94 



6. Of the present State of Agriculture in the 



Kingdom of Bavaria - -95 



7. Of the present State of Agriculture in the 



Empire of Austria - - - 96 



VI. Of the present State of Agriculture in the 



Kingdom of Poland - - lOO 



VII. Of the present State of Agriculture in 



Russia . - . - 104 



VIII. Of the present State of Agriculture in 

 Sweden and Norway. - - 109 



IX. Of the present State of Agriculture in 



Spain and Portugal - - - 113 



X. Of the present State of Agriculture in Eu- 



ropean Turkey - - - 121 



Chap. V. 



Modern History and present State of Agricul- 

 ture in the British Isles - - 123 



I. Political History of Agriculture in Britain, 



from the Revolution in 1688 to the pre- 

 sent Time - - - 123 



II. Professional History of Agriculture, from 



the Revolution to the present Time - 125 



III. Of the Literature of British Agriculture 



from the Revolution to the present Time 130 



