LIST OF ENGRAVINGS. 



xxxvu 



No. Page 



Road-making and Roads. 

 534, 535 Sections - ... 568, 569 



5^, 546, 547, and 550 Sections - 592, 593, 594. 597 

 5m Field or farm roads - - - 569 



537 Street roads with stone tracks - - 569 



538 Road over a hill ... 573 



539 Leverage of the feet of animals - 575 



540 Leverage of wheels - . , 575 



541 Locomotive table for breaking stones - 590 



542 Gauge ring for the size of stones - - 590 



543 Hand-barrow measure for broken stones 590 



544 Wire-guard for the faces of stone- 



breakers _ _ - - 590 



548, 549 Implements ... - 596 

 55155^ Stone railways for roads of different 



kinds .... 598, 599 

 556 559. 572 Different modes of paving 



601, 602. 612 



563 Comparative effect of broad and narrow 



wheels on roads ... 605 



564 Effect of heavy waggons - - 607 

 565570 Machines for repairing or cleaning 



roads .... 608511 



Railroads. 



573 Railroad carriage ... 614 



574 Flat railways . . . .616 



Milestones, Guide-posts, and Toll-gates. 



560 An improved milestone ... 603 



561 Improved guide-posts ... 604 



562 Edgware toll-house and gate - - 604 



Canals. 

 575, 576 SectioQS .. , . . 619, 620 



Draining and Drains. 



624628 Plans and sections - 693696 



629631 Plans and sections - . 698, 699 



632635 Plans and sections . . 700, 701 



636 Section of a drain - . . . 701 



637 Section of a conduit drain - - 703 

 638640 Essex draining . j . - 704 

 641, 642 Sections . . - -705,706 

 643652 Different kinds of drains - 707, 708, 709 

 646, 647 * Draining tiles - . - 708 

 653 655 * Draining implements . 709, 710 

 656 Pearson's draining-plough - - 710 



658 The Cheshire turf drain . - 711 



659 The mole drain - . . . 711 



660 Cartwheel draining - - - 711 

 661 663 Draining implements and boring 



machines .... 712, 713 



Umbanking. 



661 669 Sections of banks - -715717 



670 Seawall - - . - 718 



671 573 Protecting river banks, and chang- 

 ing the course of rivers . -719 ^721 

 674 676 Dams, heads, or banks . - 722 



Irrigation. 



677682 Implements and instruments - 725 



683 Sluices - . . .726 



684687 Examples of flooded land . 729, 730 



Ponds. 

 688 Section of a circular pond . . 734 



735 Plans and sections of field ponds - - 735 



Boring for Water and Wells. 



Ill fPersian wells . . . - 141 



691 The manner of boring an Artesian well 736 



132 1 Universal lever well - . - 160 



Lifting Water. 



697 Buckets moved by horse power . . 739 

 699 Raising a bucket obliquely as practised 



on the Continent . . .740 



698 * Siebe's pump . . .739 



Filtering Water. 



700 Filtering by two casks 

 700 Filtering into a tank 

 702 Filtering salt water 



. 740 

 .. 741 

 - 741 



b 



Nd Page 



Removing Rocks, StoTies, and Roots. 

 703. 705, 706 Machines for raising large stones 745 

 704 707 Modes of blasting stones - - 745 

 708 Blasting or rending roots of large trees - 744 



The Culture of the Potato. 



747 Cutting a tuber into sets - . . &48 



748 Planting in Lancashire ... 849 



749 Planting in Argyleshire - - 850 



750 Machine for washing potatoes , - 853 



The Culture of the Turnip. 



751 766 The improved mode of cultivating 

 in drills, from the preparation of the 

 ground to the taking up and storing 

 or consumption of the crop . 856859 



Scientific Diagram. 

 207 Nomenclature of the clouds . - 358 



Plants, or Parts of Plants, to illustrate Vegetable 

 Anatomy and Physiology. 



178 a Dionffi'^rt Muscipula, Venus's fly-trap - 211 

 178 h Sarracfenjfl purpilrea, purple side-saddle 



flower - . . - 211 



178 c A'ep^nthes distillatbria, the pitcher 



plant - - - . 211 



179 a b The Musci - . - 212 



179 c The Hepatic* - . .212 



180 a Lamin^ria saccharina - - 212 

 180 b Halymfenia palmSita - . 212 



180 c HalymJ;nia edulis . . - 212 



181 a Fungi which grow on the surface of 



the earth - . - 213 



181 a jFungi which grow on the stumps of 



rotten trees . - .213 



182 Interior integument in the garden bean 213 



183 Section of the stem of herbaceous and 



annual or biennial plants . - 214 



184 Section of the stem of trees and shrubs . 214 

 185, 186 The cortical layers - - .215 



187 Simple tubes - - - 216 



188 Physical phenomena of the germination 



of seed . . . .228 



189 Tlie foxtail root - . . . 2?5 



190 The flattened stem . . .246 



191 a Bunches or knot exhibiting a plexus of 



young shoots - . - 246 



191 6 The oak apple - - - 246 



192 The knot or bunch formed on the branches 



of the dog rose ... 247 



193 The proliferous flower - - , 248 



194 The flower of the fig . . 248 



195 A fruit with an unnatural appendage of 



leaves - - . . 249 



196 Vallisnferirt spiralis, spiral vallisneria . 249 



197 Pericarp of the dorsiferous fern . . 252 



198 Avhwa. fatua, the wild oat . - 252 



199 Specimens of genus Coralllna or Coral. 



lines - . - - 258 



200 Cuscuta europse^a, the dodder - - 269 



Botanical Figures of Trees and Shrubs, of His- 

 torical Interest, or belonging to Foreign Agri- 

 culture. 



31 Paliilrus austrklis, southern Christ's thorn 48 

 37 Pinus i'inea, stone pine - - 54 



46 C&pparis spindsa, common spiny caper 



tree - . . . 67 



96 Cistus ladanfferus, labdanum-bearing 



rock rose . . .117 



99 Qu^rcus Suber, cork tree oak . .120 

 101 O^lea europe''a, European olive . 121 



117 Cdcos nucffera, common nut-bearing 



cocoa-nut tree ... 146 



127 a Camellia Bohea, bohea tree camellia . 157 

 127 b Camellia Sasdnqua, sasanqua camellia 157 



135 Piper nigrum, black pepper . - 164 



136 Musa paradisiaca, the plantain - - 169 



137 Arhca oler^cea, the cabbage tree - 169 



147 Mimosa nil6tica, the gum arable tree - 177 



148 Pentad^sma butyrkcea, the butter tree - 178 

 161 Swietfenm Mahdgoni, the mahogany tree 192 

 164 Coffea ar&bica, the cofffee tree - - 196 

 167 Theobrbma, the chocolate plant . - 198 

 166 Bixa Orelldna, the annotto plant - 198 

 145 CeratJinia siliqua, carob tree, or St, John's 



bread . - . . 177 



