Book III. 



OF THE QUALITIES OF SOILS. 



315 



'' arths alone 



Earths and 

 Salts or 

 L Metals. 



Earths and 

 organic re- 



Earths and 

 organic re- 

 mains, 

 with 

 metals, 

 salts, and 



, rocks. 



Clay 



Granite 



Basalt 

 Schist 



Entire 



Entire 



Ferrugineous 



Cupreous 



Saline 



Ferrugineous 

 , Cupreous 

 t Saline 

 - Ferrugineous 



Cupreous 



Saline 



I/oamy 



Peaty 



Mouidy 



Liiny 

 _ Sandy 



Clayey 



I>oamy 



Sandy 



Peaty 

 _ Mouldy 



Clayey 



Limy 



Peaty 



Mouldy 



Ferrusineous, loamy, &c 



Ferrugineous, limy, &c. 



Ferrugineous, sandy, &c 



Ferrugineous, peaty, &c. 



Ferrugineous,mouldy,&c. 



Cupreous, loamv, &c. 



Saline, loamy, &c. 



Cinerous, loamy, &c. 

 ^ Ferrugineous, loamy, &c. 

 j Ferrugineous, sandy, &c 

 I Cupreous, loamy, &c. 

 J Cupreous, sandy, &c. 

 ^ Saline, loamy, &c. 

 I Saline, sandy, &c. 

 I Cinereous, loamy, &c. 

 ^ Cinereous, limy, &c. 

 r- Ferrugineous, loamy, &c 

 I Ferrugineous, limy, &c 

 I Cupreous, loamy, &c. 

 J (upreous, limy, &c. 

 j Saline, loamy,' &c. 

 I Saline, limy, &c. 

 I Cinereous, lo^my, &c. 

 ^ Cinereous, limy, &c. 



Ferrugineous, &c. - 



(>uartzose, &c- 

 (- Ferrugineous, &c. 

 \ Columnar, Sec. 

 C Wlunstonf, &c. 

 r Ferrugineous, &c. 

 \ Micaceous, &c. 

 C Chlorite, &c. 

 P Ferrugineous, &c. 

 \ Calcareous, &c. 

 \ Argillaceous, &c. 

 C Cupreous, &c. 

 ^Chalky, &c. 



Marble, &c. 



Shelly, Ike. - 



Magnesian, &c. 



Sulphuric, &c. 



Ferrugineous, &c. 



Cupreous, &c. 



Argillaceous, &c. 

 ^^ Silicious, &c. 



{Slav, Sec. 

 Pyiitic, &c. 

 Stony, Sec. 

 Woody, &c. - - 



{ 



Sect. III. Of discovering the Qualities of SoUs. 



2121. The value of soils to the cultivator is discoverable botanically, chemically, and 

 mechanically ; that is, by the plants that grow on them naturally ; by chemical analysis ; 

 and by their sensible qualities of roughness, smoothness, taste, smell, and fracture. 



SuBSECT. 1. Of discovering the Qualities of SoUs hy means of the Plants which grow 



on them. 



2122. Plants are the most certain indicators of the nature of a soil ; for while no prac- 

 tical cultivator would engage with land of which he knew only the results of a chemical 

 analysis, or examined by the sight and touch a few bushels which were brought to him, 

 yet every gardener or farmer, who knew the sort of plants it produced, would be at once 

 able to decide as to its value for cultivation. 



2123. The leading soils for the cultivator are the clayey, calcareous, sandy, ferrugineous, 

 peaty, saline, moist or aquatic, and dry. The following are the plants by which such 

 soils are distinguished in most parts of Europe : 



2124. Argillaceous. Common coltsfoot (Tussilago J'arfara) ; goose tansy (Potentilla 

 Anserina), silvery (arg^ntea), and creeping (reptans) ; yellow meadow rue (Thalictrum 



