388 



SCIENCE OF AGRICULTURE. 



PartII. 



whether 



the hopper which deh'vers the seed. The foot of the operator is strapped to the lever, 

 and by its pressure forces the dibbling iron into the ground. The inventor says that tw^o 

 machines may be used at the same time by the same man, one foot being strapped to 

 each. {Newton^ s Journal, vol. ii. new series, p. 89.) 



2578. The turnip barrow-drill sows a single row at a time ; but is of diflBcult manage- 

 ment on the tops of ridges : for 

 this purpose, it is desirable to 

 have two wheels, one to go on 

 each side of the ridge. An im- 

 proved variety of this machine 

 {Jig. 287.) has a barrel of water 

 (a) attached, which, by means 

 of a tube, is dropped among the 

 seed in the tract made by the 



coulter. This very useful appendage may be added to any drill-machine, 

 worked by manual or animal labour. 



2579. The hand turnip-roller {Jig- 288.) is used for rolling raised drills or ridges 

 previously to and after sowing turnip-seed by a hand- 

 drill. The use of such a roller leaves the ridges in 

 a much better form for receiving the seed than a com- 

 mon cylindrical roller; and after the seed is sown, 

 when this roller is again used, the surface is left in 

 the fittest state for retaining moisture, and for com- 

 mencing the hoeing and thinning operations. 



2580. DoxaCs machine Jor assisting human power 

 {Jig. 289.) consists in a certain arrangement of levers 

 and pulleys, by means of which the weight as well as 

 muscular strength of the labourer is intended to be 

 brought into action, and hence to render lais necessary 

 exertions less laborious and fatiguing. Supposing the 

 apparatus as applied to a pump ; then (a) and (6) will 

 represent two ^89 



levers, their ful- 

 crums or pivots being in the standard (c c). 

 These levers are connected together by a cord or 

 chain {d d) passing over a pulley {e). To the 

 lever (a) the cord (/) is attached, which is also 

 connected to the upper lever {g) ; this upper lever 

 moving upon a fulcrum in the standard (c), works 

 the pump rod {h). In order to put this apparatus 

 in action, a man is to be seated on a transverse bar 

 or rail (i), shown by dots near the end of the lever 



(a). The feet of this man are to rest upon the bottom lever {b), and by his alternately 

 sitting upon the lever (a), and standing upon the lever {b), they are by the chain or cord (d) 

 brought into the situation shown by the dotted lines ; and hence the lever {g) is raised and 

 lowered for the purpose of working the pump. A weight is placed upon the lever (), and 

 made to slide, for the purpose of regulating the machinery and balancing the weight of 

 the water or other matter raised. I3y these means it is evident, that a man can exert a 

 greater power, in proportion to the fatigue occasioned, than would be effected by the 

 usual methods, such as turning a winch or moving a lever with the arms, &c. {Newton's 

 Journal, vol. iii. p. 77.) 



2581 . Other machines for particular departments, will be noticed in their proper places 

 290 jTfc^ and some will 



be wanted which 



are not peculiar 



to agriculture, 



such as rat-traps 



{Jigs. 290. and 



291.), mouse and 

 mole-traps {Jig. 292.), a fowling piece 

 for shooting birds, scares for deterring 

 birds, and similar contrivances. 



2582. The grindstone {Jig. 293.) is a 

 hand-machine that cannot be dispensed 

 with in a farmery. The most improved 

 sort has a cast-iron frame, which any 



291 



U 



292 



\s 



a 



person wishing to grind an instrument on may turn for himself, by operating with his foot 



