Book IV. 



WHEEL PLOUGHS. 



401 



317 



2642. The gutter plough (Jig. 317 ) is made use of for forming gutter drains in grass 

 lands, where the soil is of a retentive 

 nature. The power of six horses 

 is required in drawing it for the 

 first time ; but four horses are 

 found sufficient for opening the old 

 gutters. 



2643. The mole plough (Jig. 318.) 

 was invented by Adam Scott, and 

 improved by Lumbert of <3-loucester- 

 shire. It is said to be an implement which, in ductile soils and situations, as in pleasure- 



318 VS./X grounds, and where much regard is 



had to the surface-appearance of the 

 land, may be of considerable benefit 

 in forming temporary drains. .It 

 makes a drain without opening the 

 surface any more than merely for the 

 lOB ,.jr ! till J \;'i><:v ,^~ ^ passage of a thin coulcer, the mark 



i . (> lio ii: r":^.v.-^.- of which soon disappears: it is chiefly 



employed in such grass-lands as have a declination of surface, and where there are not 

 many obstructions to contend with ; but some think it may be used in other kinds of 

 land, as on turnip-grounds that are too wet for the sheep to feed them off, or where, on 

 account of the wetness, the seed cannot be put into the earth. With this plough the 

 drains should be made at the distance of ten or fifteen feet in straight lines, and also 

 contrived so as to discharge themselves into one large open furrow, or grip, at tlie bottom . 

 of the field. As it requires great, strength to draw this implement, it can only be usedi 

 where a good team is kept. Ii__. >- i^ > iiif>' n rsjit f-^ft // 



2644. Lumbert not only brought this plough to its present shape ; 4>U|^ finding jtfeft^ 

 surface greatly injured by the feet of so many horses as were found necessary to draw; it,,, 

 he invented a piece of machinery (Jig. 319.), consisting of a windlass, frame, and auchpr, 



Ifsfi^ i y^h jjjo '. * 



by which it is worked by the labour of four men. Young, and other iriembets of thd " 

 Board of Agriculture, expressed themselves greatly enamoured of this plan ; but it is 

 obviously too complicate and expensive for general xTsq. 



2645. A subsequent improvement, by Lumbert, consisted ifithfef aidditttin ftf a gifl-\dic^l'' 

 and lever, by which the macliine was worked by one horse walksihg round it, as in a 

 common horse-hiill ; and this last form has again been improved by the late meciianist. 

 Weir, of Oxford-street, London, by the addition of a vertical cylinder, wliich winds up 

 the chain without any attention from the driver. Weir has also simplified and 

 strengthened this machine in other respects; so that Iiis modification of it (Jig* 320.) is. 



h yd 'iidiiu^ 'idt m ! >^^:::^ i! ^# btm -.r w ., ;.> yjui' 



at present, by far the best. Still we think it an impleirierit that v^fy sMcm 

 can be profital>iy used : that this may be the case, the surface of the field 



Dd 



