418 SCIENCE OF AGRICULTURE. Part II. 



crops, or clovers, with liquid manure, previously rolling them. It has the advanta-re of 



a more perfect machine, in the holes being easily cleaned when choked up with the 

 thickened water. 



2712. The furrow-roller {fig. 363.) is con- 

 trived for the purpose of rolling the furrows in 

 steep hilly situations, and other places where the 

 common roller cannot be employed. 



2713. The Norfolk drill-roller, and the ridge 

 and furrow concave or scalloped roller attached to 

 certain turnip-diills, have already been depicted. 



(2680. and 2688.) 



2714. The pressing plough is a term erroneously applied to a machine of the roller 



kind {fig. 364.) It generally 

 consists of two cast-iron wheels, 

 for the purpose of impressing 

 two small seed gutters or drills 

 on the furrow slices turned 

 over by the common plough, 

 and a third wheel for running 

 in the bottom of the furrow 



for the purpose of keeping the machine steady. The wheels are kept clean by scrapers. 

 {fig. 365. ) This implement is used in breaking up clover leys for wheat ; two ploughs 

 follow each other ; and after them one horse, walking in the fur- 

 row, drags the pressing plough. The advantages are said to be 

 a firm bed for the seed, by which it is not liable to be thrown 

 ^>v I '^^ ^^^ ^" *h winter season, and not so liable to be attacked by the 



^^vV^^\^^ grub and wire worm ; and the rising of the plants in rows, by 



which means they may be hoed or harrowed between. 



2715. BroivTi's cross-cutting machine {fig. 366.) is used for cross-cutting the furrows 



of rough, mossy, and heathy land, in 



>C6 order to reduce the soil to a state fit 



for receiving the seed. It consists 

 of a series of parallel iron plates, or 

 blades as they may be termed, fixed 

 in a frame-work of wood, by the 

 weight of which, and the pressure on 

 the shafts by the driver, they are 

 forced into the ground. The frame 

 consists of oak ; and the main beams 



j - - /=^^^^iOlJ''W mm^ ^^^ "^ ^^^* long, 6 inches deep, and 



f~~^^;s5^'*l^^^^^^i^^^^^^^^^ 5 inches broad, with cross bars of 



proportional strength. The handles 

 are 6^ feet long. The blades are 

 of good foreign iron, 4 feet 3 inches 



365 



