456 



SCIENCE OF AGRICULTURE. 



Part 1 1. 



$881. fVaistell^s double cottage for labourers {fig. 428.) contains, for each cottage, a kiiciil-u twelve feet 

 square (a), and a washhouse (S), pantry (c), and place for fuel under the stairs [d], covered with a lean. 

 40R j-z? * "'^ penthouse roof, six feet wide in the clear. The entrance is made 



't-o xl.^^^ immediately into the kitchen ; but in exposed or cold situations, and espe- 



I cially where fuel is dear, a porch should be either taken off the inside of the 

 _J kitchen or added to the outside ; or a temporary screen or curtain might be 

 P used in cold weather. On one side of the kitchen fire there is a cupboard. 

 The washhouse and pantry floor may be made two steps lower than the 

 kitchen, and the floor over them about two feet lower than the floor over 

 the kitchen ; thus there will be room for small beds within the lean-to. 

 The kitchens are seven feet six inches high, and the bedrooms over may 

 be made eight feet high by putting the ceiling joists two feet above the 

 wall-plate. The ceiling-joists may be so many coJlar-beams to the rafters, 

 which will greatly strengthen the roof The fireplaces and flues are in the 

 division. walls. In this position the greatest advantage is derived from the 

 heat, and thus, in small cottages, the chambers would not require, except 

 in sicknesses, any fires. Two cottages, having the same accommodations, 

 cannot, perhaps, be built at less expense upon any other plan. 



2882. WaisteWs design for a double cottage with offices {Jig. 429.) contains 

 "porches {a a), kitchens {b b) twelve feet by thirteen feet; and the back 

 kitchen, or washhouse (c), which may be on the same level, is six feet by 

 seven feet. The pantry (d), which may be sunk one step, is partly under 

 the stairs (e). In the porch is a cupboard to contain the labourer's tools, 

 and beyond the porch is a small room for fuel(/). At each end of the 

 building are three doors : the first opens into the vault {g}, the second into 

 the place for ashes, or dust (h), and the third into the hogsty (i), over which is a roost for poultry. 

 The hollow or cavity in the wall between the stairs, &c. and pigsty (A) is to prevent any soakings or 



disagreeable smell being perceptible in the house. The 

 chamber-floors being of equal dimensions with the 

 ground- floors, each cottager will have two bedrooms. 

 One room may be made somewhat larger than the other ; 

 the larger for the parents and the smaller for the chil. 

 dren. The bedrooms being partly within the roof, a 

 higher elevation would improve the appearance, and 

 render it more wholesome, and will be preferred by 

 those with whom the additional expense is of less con- 

 sideration than the health and improvement of their 

 cottagers. Lofty bedrooms are highly conducive to 

 health." {WaisteWs Designs, &c. p. 82.) 



2883. Waistell's double cottage with cow-house {fig. 

 430.) contains " kitchens {a) fourteen feet by twelve feet ; 

 the back kitchens {b) are eleven feet by seven feet ; and 

 at one end there may be a closet under the stairs for a 

 pantry (c). There are also boilers and ovens, projecting 

 from the back of the house ; but where the cottagers do 

 not make their own bread, or where they eat oat-bread, 

 ovens will not be required. The entrances are through 

 i^ porches (d) in the low buildings, beyond which, as in the 

 r last example, is a place for fuel {e), and at the back of 

 this last is the dairy (/), with the door from the kitchen. 

 The situation of some conveniences on a plan may 

 sometimes appear too conspicuous ; but, as at least a 

 garden, however small, is supposed to be attached to 

 every labourer's cottage, the judicious planting of a few evergreen shrubs will give all the privacy required. 

 The doors to the cow-house (g) are at the back ; and convenient places for collectipg manure {h) may be 



matie in the corners 



430 e=^ against the sides of the 



hogsties {i). Every 

 thing convertible into 

 manure ought to be 

 gathered into these 

 yards. By collecting 

 manures, and pre- 

 paring them with 

 judgment, ground of 

 an inferior quality 

 may be continued in 

 a profitable and pro- 

 gressive state of im. 

 provement, until it 

 has acquired a high 

 degree of fertility. 

 Small tenants should 

 not only be provided 

 with convenient yards 

 for compost dunghills, 

 but should also have 

 pointed out to them, 

 by the proprietors or 

 agents of estates, the 

 various fertilising sub. 

 stances which lie 



within their reach ; 



' ' I 1 I I and also be informed 



which of them will make the most valuable dressings for grounds of the nature of those which they 

 respectively occupy ; and such attention to their interests must be gratifying to them. The chamber-floor 

 over the kitchens may be divided : small rooms, about six feet wide, with windows above the low buildings, 

 would serve for bedrooms for daughters ; the larger rooms for the parents, and the rooms over the back- 

 Kitchens for the sons. Should these conveniences not be suflScient, small bedrooms may be added at each 

 end, over the entrance, dairy, &c. ; or, with a little addition in the elevation of the walls above the ceiling 

 of the chambers, tolerable rooms may be formed in the roof Cottages for manufacturers will require larger 

 rooms, as for looms, &c. If the occupiers of adjoining tenements keep horses, they may unite their teams 

 when a stronger draught than two horses is required for ploughing, or any other work." {WaisteWs 

 Designs, &c. p. 83.) 



