546 SCIENCE OF AGRICULTURE. Part II. 



dimensions and contents are given or obtainable along with effect; in all those which 

 follow, effect or general appearance only is obtained. 



3355. The natural hirdsei/e view is intended to give a general idea of the external ap- 

 pearance of an estate. In this the eye of the spectator is supposed to be considerably 

 elevated above the centre of the estate, and all the objects are portrayed exactly as they 

 would appear to him in that situation ; largest in the centre, and gradually diminishing 

 to the circumference of the circle of vision. In such a delineation, parts of other ad- 

 joining estates may often require to be included, in order to complete the circle ; but these 

 are necessary to the general idea, and can easily be distinguished from the principal pro- 

 perty by minute marks on the delineation. 



3356. In the jmnoramic view, the delineator supposes himself placed on an eminence, 

 as the roof of the mansion where central, and looking round on all that he sees on every 

 side. Where there is a prominent hill, or where the mansion is on an eminence, this 

 is a very desirable mode of giving a general idea of a demesne, and by the aid of hori- 

 zontal lines, and lines converging to them from the centre of vision, some idea may be 

 had, on flat surfaces at least, of the relative heights and distances of objects. 



3357. A simple mode is to give a general vieiv, or distant prospect, of the estate or its 

 principal parts {fig. 530.), as seen from some elevated conspicuous hill, building, or 

 object near it ; or if the estate, as is frequently the case, is situated on the side of a 

 hill, or range of hills, a position on the plain or flat grounds opposite to it will be 

 suflficient. 



530 



3358. For the delinealion of maps, the most desirable material in point of durability is 

 parchment ; but where there is a chance of alterations being made on the estate, as in the 

 lines of roads, fences, streams, &c., it is better to delineate on paper, as the correspond- 

 ing alterations can be made on the map with greater ease. Such colours as are stains, 

 and do not wash out, are proper for maps and plans on parchment ; but where alterations 

 may require to be made, or where shadow, or any thing like picturesque eflfect is to be 

 attempted, water colours alone must be used. To delineate estates and plans of every 

 kind in a beautiful and expressive manner, much depends on having the very best in- 

 struments and colours, and in knowing how to use them The sight of good models is 

 also an important matter, and for this we may refer to Horner's elegant work. The 

 Art of delineating Estates, 1813; and the very scientific work of Lehman, already 

 mentioned. 



3359. In the writing or printing on maps great want of taste is often displayed. No 

 principle can be more obvious than that the name of a thing, or the ornaments of an 

 object, should not be made more conspicuous than the thing or object itself. Yet this 

 rule is constantly violated in plans of estates, by the large ornamental writing or print 

 interspersed in and around them ; conspicuous blazonry of the name of the estate and 

 its owner at some corner, and of the compass and scale in others. All these adjuncts 

 should be kept in due subordination to the main delineation. 



3360. Models of very mountainous estates will be found preferable to any description 

 of maps or views, for giving a correct idea of them. Such models might be formed in 

 plaster of Paris, wax, or various other materials, and coloured after nature. We con- 

 structed such models in 1805 (See Farm, Mag. vol. vi. p. 126.) ; and Mr. Taylor of 

 London has recently constructed them, both for the purpose of surface improvements 

 and mineralogical examination. (See Gard. Mag. vol. v. p. 213.) 



3361. Reference books are essential accompaniments to maps or models, and are of 

 various kinds. Sometimes they m.erely contain the names and contents of the fields or 

 other parts or divisions, with the state of culture or condition in which they aie ; in 

 other cases the soil and subsoil are described ; but in the most complete cases each farm is 



