668 PRACTICE OF AGRICULTURE. Part III. 



nonpareil, old golden pippin, Newton pippin, Wheeler's rus 



set, nonpareil russet, (libb's pippin, court oi Wick, Lemon poire 



greening of very good quality, Cooper's russet, Sykehouse Autumn preserv 



russet, American seek no filrther, golden Harvey. poire, Scotch Comuck, black achan, Ebinshaft, Aston-town. 



Winter and Sprinir Kitchen Apples. French crab, Norfolk Winter and Spring; Table Pears. St. Germain, beurr^ 



beaufin, Norfolk Paradise, paywell, winter queen, winter d'hiver, poire Braddick d'hiver, poire d'Auch, bon chr<5tien 



greening, \orkshire greening, royal russet, beauty of Kent, d'hiver, beigamote d'hiver, Venus d'hiver, beurr^ ranee, 



white Leadmgton, Fullwood's apple, lemon pippin, skinless winter verte longue, btirgamote de Paque, Van Mons, present 



pippin, marmalade pippin, winter pearmain. de Malines, bon Malinoise, Dillen. 



Ctder Apples. Redstreak Somerset, redstreak Devon, Winter and Spring baking and preserve Pears. Cadillac, 



redstreak late white Parson's, coccagee, Duflflin, woodcock, black pear of Worcester, Uvedales St. Germain, orange 



Styre, Downton, Solebury cider apple, Kingston black, d'niver, rousselet gros, merveille. 



Somerset sweeting. Perry Pears. Aston-town, achan red, achan green, swan's 



Summer Table Pears. Citron des qarmes, jargonelle, sum- egg, Windsor, grey beurr^, orange bergamot. 



mer bon chr<5tien, early bergamot, Julien archiduc d'6t^. Cherries. Couronne, black heart, black eagle, Elton, bige- 



green chisel, J^ammas. reau, white heart. 



Summer baking and preserve Pears. Windsor, Edelcrantz, Plums. Orleans, green gage, winesour. Cooper's large red, 



swan's throat, Crawford, lemon. bonum magnum, Coe's golden drop. 



Autumn Table Pears. Gansel's bergamot, Cresanne, brown 



4098. Ronalds of Brentford, who is perhaps better acquainted with English apples 

 than any other individual, recommends the following sorts : 



Summer Table Apples. Hicks's fancy. Bell's fine scarlet, red pippin, brandy apple, Robinson's pippin, new scarlet nonpareil, 



Quarenden, peach apple, la fameuse, summer oslin, summer Fem"s pippin, Pedley's pippin, Crofton pippin, nutmeg cockle 



golden pippin. Duchess of Oldenburgh, Kerry pippin. pippin, Wykin pippin, russet pearmain. Parry's pearmain. 



Summer baking Apples. Nonesuch, Spring-grove, Manks new green nonpareil, new golden pippin, tulip apple, court 



codlin, Hawthomden, fine striped General Arabin, Wormslcy pendu plat rubra, golden Worcester, Dredge's golden pippin. 



pippin, Carlisle codlin, early Julian, early spice apple. Winter baking Apples. Large russet, transparent, golden 



Autumn Table Apples. Margil, Downion pippin, Keddle- russet, French crab, MinshuU crab, Norfolk paradise, French 



stone pippin, Franklin's golden pippin, Delaware, aromatic pippin, London pippin, new scarlet pearmain. Kirk's fame, 



russet, summer nonpareil, grange apple. Duke of Wellington, Yorkshire greening, Rymer, Deeping 



Autumn baking Apples. HoUandbury, beauty of Kent, Sa- pippin, pound apple (Americanl. 



lopian apple, golden burr, Russian apple. Emperor Alexander, Cider Apples. Bitter sweet, Siberian Hervey, Foxley apple, 



Carlisle codlin, Gravenstein, yellow bow (American). coccagee, Pyrus (unique, Tartarian crab), Siberian bitter 



Winter Table Apples. Nonpareil, Morris's russet, Bringwood sweet crab, transparent crab. Deeping pippin, Downton pippin, 



pippin. King George, Sykehouse, Court Wyke pippin, Christie's Brentford crab, Girdler's large striped. 



4099. Pearson of Chilwell recommends the following apples as very select : 



For early Dessert, the Egglestone summering, Waterloo Manks codlin, American summering, and Hawthomden. 



pippin, and Perfect's juneating. For middle Season, the Bur- For middle Season, Greenup's pippin, malster, and Barton 



gin, Lord Lennox, Pike's pearmain, and Blenheim orange. free-bearer. For long Keeping, Caldwell, Normanton wonder. 



For late Keeping, WoUaton pippin, Bess Pool, Keddlestone and northern greening. All the foregoing will do well as dwarfs 



pippin, and Hartford's russet. For Kitchen Uie, early, the on Paradise stocks. {Gard. Mag. vol. yi.) 



4100. The cultivation of the plum aippeaxs to us deserving of more encouragement than 

 it generally meets with. Not only does the fruit make excellent pies and tarts, but it 

 may be kept in large quantities, so as to be ready for that purpose at any period of the 

 year. They also make a sort of wine, and with other fruits and ingredients form one 

 of the best substitutes for port. The damson, bullace, and some other varieties, will 

 grow and bear very high-flavoured fruit in hedges where the soil is dry below and not 

 too thin. The fruit of the sloe is, for wine-making, superior to that of the plum, and 

 nearly as good for tarts. 



4101. The cherry is of more limited culture than any of the foregoing fruits ; because 

 chiefly used for eating, and not being of a nature to keep. Near large towns they may 

 be cultivated to a certain extent. In Kent and Hertfordshire are the cherry orchards 

 which afford the chief supplies for the London market. The sorts are chiefly the caroon, 

 small black or Kentish, the May-duke, and the morello ; but Holman's duke, the 

 black heart, and the large gean, will do well in orchards. 



4102. The walmit and Spanish chestnut may be advantageously planted on the outskirts 

 of orchards to shelter them, and a few of them in hedge-rows where the climate is likely 

 to ripen their fruit. The chestnut can hardly be considered as ripening north of London, 

 or the walnut north of Newcastle. Both trees, however, may be planted for their timber 

 in moderately sheltered situations, in most parts of the British Isles. 



4103. The elder is not beneath notice as an orchard tree. It need seldom be planted 

 as a standard ; but in unpruned hedges on a soft, deep, and rather rich soil, it yields 

 great quantities of fruit, which is readily manufactured into a sort of wine esteemed by 

 many persons when warmed, and forms a comfortable evening draught for the cottager. 

 No tree requires less care : it propagates readily by cuttings or seeds, and requires little 

 or no pruning ; but, though it will grow in any soil whatever, it will produce no fruit 

 worth mentioning on any but one tolerably deep and rich, and must be cut down when 

 it begins to show indications of age. 



4104. The filbert, currant, gooseberry, raspberry, and some other fruits, are cultivated 

 extensively near large towns ; but the treatment they require renders them in our opinion 

 unfit for farm orchards. 



4105. In choosing trees for orchards, standards, sufficiently tall to admit of horses and 

 cattle grazing under them, should always be preferred. Maiden plants, or such as are 

 oidy two years from the bud or graft, are the most certain of success ; the apples being 

 worked on crab, the pears on wilding, and the cherries on gean stocks. The common 

 baking plums need not be grafted at all, but the better sorts should either be grafted or 

 budded on damson stems. Where budded or grafted chestnuts and walnuts can be got, 

 they should always be preferred as coming much sooner into bearing. The former may 

 be had from the Devonshire nurseries, and some public gardeners about London are now 

 attempting to inarch and bud the walnut. 



4106. WUh resjyect to the distance at which orchard trees may be planted, every thing 

 will depend on the use which is intended to be made of the ground. Where the soil is 



