1034 PRACTICE OF AGRICULTURE. Part III. 



abdomen, which would occasion an equal distention. As soon as the air is perfectly evacuated, and the 

 paunch resumes its office, the trochar may be removed ; and, in whatever way it is done, the wound 



870 



should be carefully closed with sticking plaster or other adhesive matter. It is necessary to observe, that 

 this operation is so safe, that whenever a medical assistant cannot be obtained, no person should hesitate 

 a moment about doing it himself. After relief has been afforded by means of either the probang or the 

 paunching, a stimulant drink may yet be very properly given, such as half a pint of common gin ; or one 

 ounce of spirit of hartshorn in a pint of ale, or two ounces of spirit of turpentine in ale, may any of 

 them be used as an assistant stimulus. When also the cud is again chewed, still some relaxation of 

 the digestive organs may remain ; at first, therefore, feed sparingly, and give, for a few mornings, a 

 tonic. (6551. No. 1.) 



6954. Inflammation qf the bowels, or red colic, is by no means unknown in cattle pathology ; the 

 symptoms of which do not diffbr from those common to the horse, and the treatment also is in every 

 respect the same. (6i66.) 



6955. Inflammation of the liver, or hot yellows, sometimes occurs, in which case, in addition to the 

 symptoms detailed under hepatitis in the horse (6479.), there is, from the presence of cystic bile in the ox, 

 a more determined yellowness of the eyelids, mouth, and nostrils ; the treatment must be similar. (6479.) 



6956. Inflammation of the kidneys, called red water by the cow-leeches, is not uncommon among cattle, 

 and is, perhaps, dependent on the lobulated form of these parts in them. The animal, to the other symp- 

 toms of fever, adds stiff'ness behind, and often straddles, but always shrinks on being pinched across the 

 loins, where frequently increased heat is felt; the urine is sometimes scanty, and now and then increased 

 in quantity, but it is always first red, then purjile, and afterwards brown or black, when a fatal termin- 

 ation may be prognosticated. The treatment has been fully detailed under nephritis, in the horse patho- 

 logy (6481.), and it consists in plentiful bleedings, &c., carefully abstaining from the use of diuretics, as 

 advised Iw ignorant cow-leeches. 



69.77. The black water is only the aggravated and latter stages of the above. 



6958. Inflammation qf the bladder also now and then occurs, and in nowise differs from the cystitis of 

 the horse in consequences and treatment. (6483.) 



6959. The colics qf cattle arise from different causes : they are subject to a spasmodic colic, not unlike 

 that of horses, and which is removed by the same means. (6474.) Costiveness also brings on a colic in 

 them, called chie bound, fardel bound, &c. which often ends in the red colic, unless early removed ; 

 the treatment of this we have fully detailed. (6476.) Another colic is accompanied with relaxation of 

 bowels. 



6960. Diarrhea, scouring, or scouring cow, is common in cattle, and is brought on by exposure to rain, 

 improper change of food, over-driving, and other violences. It is essentially necessary that the animals be 

 taken under cover, kept warm and dry, and have nutritious food allowed them. The medical treatment 

 has been detailed. (6473.) 



6961. Bysentery, or braxy, bloody ray, and slimy flax, differs from simple scouring, in a greater degree 

 of fever attending it, and in its being an inflammation of a particular kind, and part of the intestines. It 

 is frequently dependent on a vitiated putrid state of the bile, brought on by over-driving in hot weather, 

 low damp pastures in autumn, &c. The discharge is characterisetl by its bad smell, and by the mucous 

 stringy patches in it, and also by its heat and smoking when voided : all which are very different from the 

 mere discharge of the aliments in a state of solution in diarrhoea, and which differences should be carefully 

 marked, to distinguish the one from the other : treat as under dysentery in the horse. (6470.) 



6962. Yellows. When active fever is not present, and yet cattle are very dull, with great yellowness of 

 ej'elids, nostrils, &c., it arises from some biliary obstruction, to which oxen and cows are more liable than 

 horses, from their being furnished with a gall bladder ; it is a more common complaint in some of the 

 cold provinces on the Continent, where they are housed and stall-fed all the year round, than it is in 

 England. The treatment is the same as detailed for chronic inflammation of the liver in horses, (6480.) 

 adding in every instance to it a change of pasturage, and if convenient, into salt marshes, which will alone 

 often effect a cure. 



C963. Loss of the cud. This enters the list of most cow-leeches' diseases, but is less a disease than a 

 symptom of some other aff'ection ; indeed it is evident that any attack sufficient to destroy the appetite, 

 will generally occasion the loss of the cud. It is possible, however, that an occasional local affection or 

 paralysis of the paunch may occur, particularly when it is distended with unhealthy substances, as acorns, 

 crabs, the tops of some of the woody shrubs, &c. The treatment, in such cases, consists in stimulating 



