1038 



PRACTICE OF AGRICULTURE. 



paet in. 



pin wheel. Besides supplying the jet, it furnishes, by cocks and pipes, water for the usual dairy purposes 

 the steaming or boiling of food for the cows, their drink, and washing out the cow-house, the washing 

 machine, &c. The churning room (6), is separated from the milk-room by double doors, as is the latter 



872 ..-- ---.. from the cheese-room (c) and store closet (d). The gin wheel (e) 



is worked by one or two horses, or oxen or asses, according to the 

 work to be done. The steaming and washing room (/, g) is a large 

 roomy apartment properly fitted up, and furnished with tv/o boilers, 

 a machine for steaming cattle food, another for washing linen by 

 steam ; one impelled by the gin wheel operating on an axle with 

 beaters or lifters (fig. 872.), and a cylinder of open spars, which 

 turns round in a box of water for washing potatoes or other roots. 

 The cow-house {h, h) is calculated for forty cows to be fed from 

 abroad passage in the centre. At the south end is a large apart- 

 ment it) open to the roof for hay, straw, green herbage for soiling, 

 turnips, and other food ; and under it is an urinariura vaulted, and 

 from which the liquid is drawn by a Buchanan pump (4494.) out- 

 ' side of the building, and some yards distant 



6999. The dairy-house recommended hy Dr. Anderson is surrounded by double walls, the inner of brick 

 or stone, nine inches or a foot in thickness ; and the outer about two feet distance, built of stone or turf; 

 or a bank of earth faced with turf may be placed against the inner walls. 



7000. The size of the dairy house should vary according to that of the number of cows. Marshal found 

 in Gloucestershire one for forty cows to be twenty feet by sixteen, and one for one hundred, thirty by 

 forty. The North Wiltshire dairy-rooms have in general, he says, outer doors, frequently opening under 

 a pent-house or open lean-to shed ; which is a good conveniency, affording shade and shelter, and giving 

 a degree of coolness to the dairy room. In one instance he observed two doors : a common close-boarded 

 door on the inside, and an open-paled gate-like door on the outside ; giving a free admission of air in close 

 warm weather, and, at the same time, being a guard against dogs and poultry. A conveniency which, he 

 thinks, would be an improvement to any dairy room in the summer season. The inside wall may be 

 seven or eight feet high in the sides, on which may be placed the coujiles to support the roof, and the walls 

 at the gables carried up to the height of the couples. Upon these should be laid a roof of reeds, or thatch, 

 that should not be less than three feet in thickness, which should beprotluced downward till it covers the 

 whole of the walls on each side to the ground : but here, if thatch or reeds be not in such plenty as could 

 be wished, there is no occasion for laying it quite so thick. In the roof, exactly above the middle of the 

 building, should be placed a wooden pipe of a sufficient length to rise a foot above the roof, to serve occa- 

 sionally as a ventilator. The top of this funnel should be covered, to prevent rain from getting through 

 it, and a valve fitted to it, that by means of a string could be opened or shut at pleasure. A window also 

 should be made upon one side for giving light, to be closed by means of two glazed frames, one on the out- 

 side, and the other on the inside. The use of this double sash, as well as the great thickness of the wall, 

 and of the thatch upon the roof, are to render the temperature of this apartment as equal as possible 

 at all seasons of the year, by effectually cutting it off from having any direct communication with the 

 external air. 



7001. The dairy-house made use of by Wakefield of Liverpool contains three apartments ; a milk -house, 

 churning-room, and the room for the utensils. In the milk-house were the coolers ; a slab for laying 

 butter on after it is made up ; cocks for drawing off' the milk from the coolers ; a large cock to throw 

 water on the floor, which slopes a little from that part ; cocks at the back part of the coolers, for letting 

 in water ; a door, latticed ; and another door most commonly used, but panelled. In the churning-room 

 is a fire-place, a boiler, a large copper, also used when brewing. The room for drying or airing the uten- 

 sils is also used occasionally as a laundry. Over the whole are apartments for the servants. 



7002. A very neat dairy for a private family may be made under the shade of two or three tall trees, in 



the following manner : Build the walls of bricks, and hollow 

 in Silverlock's manner, by which every course of brick-work 

 is laid on edge, and forms oblong cavities {fig. 873. a), the 

 bricks of the one course being laid alternately lengthways (6), 

 and crossways (c), and those of the next breaking joint with 

 these, by the cross ones being placed on the middle of the long 

 ones (rf). The elevation of such a wall {e,f,g) should of course 

 be founded on solid work, of breadth and thickness according 

 to the height of the wall, and nature of the foundations. The 

 plan ofa dairy with such walls should contain the three usual 

 apartments for milk, churning, and utensils (//), and should 

 have double doors and windows : the latter guarded by fly- 

 wire. The elevation (i) may be of any style of simple archi- 

 tecture. 



7003. As a cornnlete dairy on a large scale, we submit the 

 following. The plan {fig. 874.) is of an oblong form, and con- 

 fiists of the three usual principal apartments, enclosed by walls of four inches in thickness, and surrounded 

 by a passage two feet wide to the north, and three feet to the south, which is again surrounded by a nine- 



874 ; 



inch wall. The passages communicate with the roof by covered openings, in the ridge of which and by 

 the windows ventilation is completely effected. In detail, the plan exhibits two principal entrance 

 porches (o), back entrance (6), copper for healing water (c), churning-room (rf), milk-room (r), utensils 



