Book VII. DISEA^El^^'or^riteP. ' 1065 



away ft-om the nosfe and mouth in large quantities. Sometimes after death the Hobdy sertitftis found 

 suffused throughout the skin as in the blood striking of skins. 



7248. The claveau or sheep, pox is also another variety of this disease, in -which it takes on a pustular 

 form. About the third dav small variola^ appear : sometimes they are rather blotches than pustules. The 

 weakness is usually extreme, and the putridity great. This form of the disease is seldom seen with us; 

 but is still known on the Continent, where the pastures are very poor and low, and the general keep 

 meagre. 



7249. The treatment of all these in nowise differs from that directed under the inflammatory putrid 

 fever of the ox ; the doses of medicine being about a third of what is directed for them. 



7250. Malignant epidemic or murrain. Sometimes an epidemic prevails, which greatly resembles the 

 murrain of Oxen : in appearances, termination, and treatment, it resembles the malignant epidemic of 

 oxen. (6943.) 



7251. PeripneUmhnia or inflamed lungs, rising of the lights, glanderous rot, hose, S(C. These terms are 

 all modiHcations of an inflamed state Of the viscera of the chest, caught by undue exposure, bad |)as. 

 turage, and often from over-driving. The cough, the tremblings, the redness of the eyes and no^rils, and 

 the distillation of a fluid from them, with the heavings and hot breath, are all similar to those vrhich 

 characterise the pneumbnia'Or rising of the lights in oxen. We remember to have seen the disease 

 strongly marked in the February of 1808, on a farm in the neighbourhood of Streatham ; wherfe feleven 

 eheep were attacked almost together, after a very stormy night. They were first affected with a'lbfe^ of 

 a()petite ; next with a fixed stedfast look, which was common to every one. After this, they reeled about, 

 fell backwards, and became convulsed. When seen, five were already dead, whose internal appedrslnces 

 fully confirmed the nature of the disease. The rest recovered by bleeding and drencliing, with drenches 

 composed of nitre and tartar emetic. Sometimes the symptoms of pneumonia do not kill immediately, 

 but degenerate into an ulceration of the lungs; which is then called the glanderotis rot. This stage is 

 always fatal: the others may, by early attention, be combated by judicious treatment, as detailed under 

 the same disease in oxen. , 



7252. A chronic cough in sheep, v?hen not symptomatic of rot, is always cured by a change of pasturage, 

 particularly into a salt marsh. 



7253. Inflammation of the stomach occurs from various causes. A common one arises from eating 

 Jioxious vegetables ; and produces the affections termed tremblings. It also produces the grass ill in 

 lambs; which latter is always accompanied with black, fetid fjKces, and is readily removed by an ounce 

 of castor oil ; while the fOrmcr usually yields to half an ounce of oil of turpentine, beaten up With- the 

 yolk of an egg. Some herbs (as A'tropttJielladonna) when eaten produce spasmodic affections, which are 

 called by shepherds the leaping ill : in such cases, the watery solution of aloes ( Fet.PM7-iftlX)585.f ih^bses 

 of two or three ounces is useful. Daffy's elixir we have also known to be given with good effect. 



7254. The hove, blasts or wind colic. JSii^i. aje psl iaWe tofjbe dit6dfed with an enormous collection 

 within the maw as oxen. An instrument, similar to that invented by Dr. Monro, is also made for them ; 

 and when not relieved by tjjese raeanfe, theeiaaae remedies areaiiplic^ble asasce directed fortBceikCOSo.) 



72.55. A u-'ind colic will also sometimes affept sheep more from the quality than the quaati^)^ of what 

 they eat ; it is best relieved by an ounce of castor or salad oil with an ounce of gin. ' ;, 



7256. Inflamed liver, blood rot, or hot yelloirs, vcq liver aflbctions, ari-sing fVoni fever settling iM "that 

 organ; or from obstructed bile irritating it. Jjomeiimes there are great marks -of fever j and at-^tJ^ers 

 more of putridity ; according to which, treat as may be gathered from ox ^lathology. , _ ^ 



72.57. Jaundice also now and then occurs, when refer to that disease in o^i'em (,f>*>ti2.) i jrfiC' 



7258. Dysentery, gall scour, braxy, are all affections brought on by sudden chjtnges of temperature^ or 

 of undue moisture acting with cold pasturage. It is often seen in sultry autumns ; and, by a judicious 

 observer, has been said to be peculiarly frequent in hogs or sheep of one year. , Like other dysenteries it is 

 frequent in sultry autumns. The above authority recommends, when its origin may be supposed to iirise 

 from a previous costive state, to remove the affected (as is practised by the store-masters of Scotland) into 

 turnips. The general medical treatment does not differ from ox braxy. (6961.) 



7259. Scouring is the diarrhoea of sheep, and in very hot weather soon carries them ofl^. It should be 

 early attended to, by abstracting the affected, and housing them. The treatniem is seen under diarrhoea 

 of oxen (6960.), which it closely resembles. 



7260. Finning, tag-belt, break-sharet The two former are only the adhesion ofthetailto the wool, 

 and the excoriation brought on by diarrhoea; the latter is the diarrhoea itself, known to some by this 

 term. , 



7261. The rot in sheep is also called great ro/, and hydropic rot, &c, ; but it is more pcimlarly kndWn by 

 the single term of ro^. Many causes have been assigned for it, as the Fasciolahepatiisr;. or fluke worm; 

 some particular plants eaten as food ; ground eating ; snails, and other ingesta; but, a most of the sup- 

 posed deleterious herbs have been tried by way of experiment, and have failed to produee^^tBe disease, so 

 it is attributable to some other cause. Neither is there satisfactory reason to suppose that tlifi fluke worm 

 is the original cause of it, but a consequence, since we know that the biliary vessels of other ai>iraals, -as 

 horses, asses, rats, &c., often have them : and above all, because that they are not always pceS^wt in the 

 rotted subject. From long experience, and the almost invariable effect produced by a hund state of 

 atmosphere, soil, and product, we are warranted in concluding these are the actual and iniBfle^te 

 agents : perhaps the saturated food itself is sufficient to do it The morning dew has been supposed equal 

 to it. Bakewell, when his sheep were past service, used to rot them piu"posely, that they might not .pass 

 into other hands. 'J'his he always readily did by overflowing his pastures. But great differences) of 

 opinion exist as to the quantity, form, and varieties of moisture, productive of this fatal disease. It is 

 said that land on which water flows, but does not stagnate, will not rot, however moist : but this, is con. 

 tradicted by the exi^erience of Bakewell, who used merely to flood his lands a few times only to rot his 

 sheep. It is also said that they are safe from rot on Irish bogs, salt tnarshes, and spring- flooded jneadows, 

 which experience seems to verify. It is also said that the very hay niiuiefrom unsound laiKl will rot; 

 but this wants confirmation. When salt marshes are found injurious, it is only in years when tie rain 

 has saturated or rather super*6aturated such marshes.: That pj^tridjiexhalations tinaccompanied with 

 moisture can occasion JK)itw*'-*s<iontirmation also; for these cpmmonlxgO'.togeheri>and it gs^ifficult to 

 separate their effects. It is not, perhaps, the actual quantity of water immediately receivcd'by land, but 

 the capacity of that land to retain the moisture, which makes.it particularly of a rotting quality. 



7262. The signs of rottenness are sufficiently familiar to persons about sheep. They first lose flesh, and 

 w^at.rertiaing is flabby andpale 5 , they also lose their vivacity. The nt^ked parts, as tiie lips, tongntf, &c., 

 look livid, and are alternately hot and cold in the advanced stages. The eyes look sad and glassy, the 

 breath'is fetid, the urine small in quantity and high-coloured ; and the bowels are at one time cokYve, 

 and at another affected with a black purging. The pelt wUl come off oh the' slightest pull in almost all 

 cases. The disease has different degrees of rapidity, but is always fatal at last '1 his difference in degree 

 occasions some rotted sheep to thrive well under its progress to a certain stage, when they sudilenly fall 

 off, and the disease pursues the same course with the rest Some graziers know this crisis of decltxnsion, 

 as it has been called, and kill their sheep for market in the immediate nick of time with no loss. In 

 these Cases, lio signs of the disease are to be traced by ordinary inspectors, but the existence of the flukes, 

 and still more, a certain state of liver and of its secretions, are characteristic marks to the wary and 

 experienced. ' 



7263. The treatment of rot is seldom successful unless when it is early commenced, or when of a mild 

 nature; a total change of food is the first indication, and of that to a dry wholesome kind : all the farina 

 are good, as the meals of wheat, barley, oats, peas, beans, &c. Carrots have done good mixed with these : 



