CALENDARIAL INDEX. 



1237 



a Orchards (4079.) and Hop-grounds. (5997.) 



Grnfted treet should be looked over occa.sionally, and any that 

 the clay has dropped from re-covered. Keraove suckers and 

 superfluous side shoots. 



Stir and clean the hop-plaiiiations ; place the poles, tie the 

 vines where necessary ; and towards the end of the month, 

 when the number of shoots wanted have taken the lead ; cover 



the stool or centre of the plant with a small hill of soil, to i)re- 

 vent it from sending up more shoots. 

 9. Wood-lands and Plantations. (S90fi.) 

 Continue to bark oak trees, and also the larch, and such 

 others as are adapted for the farmer (4044.), but finish, if pos- 

 sible, by the middle of the month. Keep newly planted larKC 

 trees properly staked, and all kinds of cultivated ground clear 

 of weeds. 



JUNE. 



1. Calendar of Animated Nature round London. 



In the first week : the sedge-sparrow ( Passer arundinatea), the 

 fly-catcher (Muscfcapa Atricapilla), the wasp (Fespa vulgaris), 

 and several species of the bee and butterfly appear. 



Second week: the burnet moth (Sphinx filip^ndulae;, and 

 forest-fly (Hippobdsca equina) appear; bees swarra. 



Third week : several fliv-s, butterflies, moths, beetles, and other 

 insects appear. 



Fourth week : insects abound ; and singing-birds begin to 

 retire to the woods, and leave off singing. 



2. Calendar of Vegetable Nature rotmd London. 

 In the first week : water-lilies (A'ympha;*a et A'fiphar) flower; 



also iVis Pseud-iicorus, ^'nthemis Co'tula, Polygonum Persi- 

 ckria, Milva. rotundif61ia, and numerous other plants. 



Secoiul week : the vine, raspberry, and elder in full flower ; 

 also various Scotch roses (flosaspinosfssima), broom (Spdrtium), 

 nettle (I/rtica), and wheat in the ear. 



Third week: the (Orchis, Epilobium, IVis Jffphium and 

 jriphiiiides, the hardy /'xiae and GladloU, and a great variety of 

 garden and field plants in flower ; also the wheat and many of 

 the pasture grasses. 



Fourth week: some black and red currantstipe, strawberries 

 in abundance ; young shoots of trees and shrubs have nearly 

 attained their length. Oats and barley in flower ; blue-bottle, 

 scabious (Centaur6a Cyknus), and numerous others in bloom. 



3. Farm.yard. (2902.) 



Soiling is the principal operation now going forward (5542.), 

 and requires the utmost attention to the cleanliness of the 

 animals, whether fatting cattle, feeding milch cows, or horses. 



4. Live Stock. (6216.) 



Wash and sh(;ar sheep (7201.); examine flocks individually 

 as to the fly (7173.) ; see to shade for every description of stock 

 when the weather is hot. Bees swarm during tnis and next 

 month. 



5. Grass Lands. (5648 ) 



Hay-making is now a principal business (5544. and 5792.) 

 Any tussocks or flower-stalks (bents) which appear, notwith- 



standing the close feeding of April and May, should now be 

 mown (5772.); thistles and similar weeds cut Out close by the 

 root (6:^02.) ; pare and bum as in May (3209.); clean out 

 ponds, water-courses, wells, &c. See that clovers, tarts, or 

 other soiling crops are mown close to the soil. 



6. Arable Lands. (4925.) 



Great part of the turnip process goes on during the three 

 first weeks of this month jmd the latter half of May. (5373.) 

 Dung fallows and otherwise bring them forward (4568.), drain- 

 ing (4213.), levelling, altering ridges, &c. as the case may re- 

 quire ; weed broad-cast crops, and stir the soil between such 

 as are in rows. Warping, where it can be practised, may now 

 be commenced (4450.) ; thin out the first sown turnips. (5406.) 



7. Fences (2960.), Roads (3523.), and Drains. 

 (4213.) 



Weed hedges, but avoid clipping them, which only creates a 

 close surface of feeble shoots, that in the end becomes so thick 

 as to exclude light and air from the central stems, emd occa- 

 sions their languishing and death. (2985.) 



Dig and otherwise prepare materials for roads (3G35.) and 

 drains. (4284.) 



8. Orchards (4079.) and Hop-grounds. (5997.) 

 Insects, or other effects of what are called blights, can seldom 



be destroyed on so large a scale as that of the farm-orchard or 

 hop-garden. Burning weeds or wet straw, litter, &c. will do 

 something; and on a small scale, washing with lime-water, 

 soap-sudsj tobacco-water, or a mixture of these, will prove 

 efl^ectual. (6056.) Those who tie the binds or vine of the hop 

 to the poles, instead of leaving them to nature, have generally 

 completed the operation by the middle of the month. In some 

 early spots the superfluous shoots are cut off about the end of 

 the month. 



9. Wood-lands and Plantations. (3906.) 



The woo<lman is now chiefly employed in trussing up the 

 branches of barked trees, and otherwise disposing of what is 

 unfit for timber purposes. (4049.) Old copses or stools of trees, 

 woods, or hedges, may now be advantageously stocked up, 

 stacked, and when dry, charred for fuel. (4068 ) 



JULY. 



1. Calendar of Ammatfd Nature round London. 



In the first week : the cuckoo ( Cii cuius can6rus) leaves off sing- 

 ing ; the stone-curlew (Charadrius CEdicn^mus) whistles occa- 

 sionally late at night, and the golden-crested wren (JMotacflla 

 il6gulus) now and then chirps. 



Seamd week : the quail ( Tfetrao ferrugfneus) calls ; the cuckoo- 

 spit, or frog -hopper (Cicada .spumaria), abounds. 



Third week : young frogs migrate. Hens moult. 



Fourth meek : the great horse-fly (Tabanus iovlnus) appears ; 

 and partridges fly. 



2. Calendar of Vegetable Nature round London, 

 Jntlie first week: enchanter's nightshade (CircaiV lutetiana) 



and lavender (Laviindula spica) in flower, and pinks and car- 

 nations in full bloom. 



Second rveek : the fallen star (Tremfelia NiSstoc) appears ; also 

 puff-balls (Lycoperdon liivisfa), and sometimes the common 

 mushroom (..igiricus campestris). 



Third meek : raspberries and gooseberries ripe, potatoes in 

 flower, asparagus in beiry, the liliums in perfection. 



Fourth meek : the truffle (Tuber cibkrium) now hunted or dug 

 up in commons and forests; nightshade (Solknum nigrum), 

 devil's bit ( Scabi6sa surcisa), burnet saxifrage (PimpinfeUa Saxf- 

 fraga), and a great number of plants in flower. 



3. Farm-yard. (2902.) 



As in June ; between hay and com harvest is generally a 

 very good time for the farmer to make a tour to observe more 

 extensively the practices of his own district, and to witness 

 those of other districts. 



4, 5. Live Stock (6216.) and Grass Lands. (5648.) 



Lambs are now weaned (7 161.) when not fattened off; at first 

 they require the richest keep. As green food will now ba 

 abundant, every animal about a farm that can live and thrivo 

 or answer its end by the soiling system, should be so treated. 

 The weaiher being hot, cattle or sheep in fields must be fre- 

 quently looked to, ES to shade, water, and abundant keep. 

 Suffering from thirst, or a want of food, they are very apt to 

 break through fences, which at this season is more than usually 

 injurious, on account of the state of the com crops. 



6. Arable Lands. (4925.) 



Attend to weeding, hoeing, and otherwise moving the soil 

 between rowed crops, more especially potatoes and turnips. 

 Towards the end of the month, the first-sown white turnips 

 will be in a state to thin out ; and a farther thinning may be 

 advantageously given to field beet, carrots, &c., at this season. 

 Where peas are sown for podding, they will now be in abund- 

 ance forgathering; in warm situations sooner. Buck-wheat 

 may now be sown for autumnal food for game. (6111.1 



7. Fences (2960.), lioads (3523.), and Drains. 

 (4213.) 



As in June. 



8. Orchards (4079.) and Hop-grounds. (5997.) 

 Cherries, strawberries, gooseberries, &c., where groTiTi as 



field-crops, are now in gathering, and towards the end of the 

 month, fallen apples and Jiiums for tarts. Hop-grounds are 

 looked over, and the superfluous vine pruned oft", &c. In Kent 



4 K 3 



