1236 



CALENDARIAL INDEX. 



aod oftiK pL-KTS these pnmliifis are often a perquisite of Oie 

 pruu. r, wiio lays them iiside as fodder for cows. 

 9. JVuod-lands and Plantations. (3906.) 

 As ill June; and jH-une the pean, wliich at other seasons is 

 ajH to bited. [j'J'JS.) Tiiis season answers per&ctly for pruning 



all sorts of trees ; and If tlielr leaves aivl spray were an object 

 for fodder, as in Sweden and Italv, no douln it would he pre- 

 femxl. (3994. and 3996.) Wounds in trees do not now bleed 

 as they sometimes do in spiring and autumn ; and they he.U, 

 and are in part covered over with beurk. before the approach of 

 winter. (3993.1 



AUGUST. 



1. Calendar of Animated Nature round London. 



Ill thefiis! week: flying ants ( i^ormica) ippear ; bees kill th jir 

 drones; and the swallow-tai'.ed butterfly (Papilio Machion) 

 appears. 



Second week: young martins ( ffinindo (irbica) and swallows 

 (Hiriindo nistlca, begin to congieg-afc', and swifts (Hirundo 

 ylVus) to dL'i<art ; th^- whame, or burrel-fly (CE'strus 66vis}, lays 

 egss on horses. 



Third week : the black -eyed marble butterfly (Papiiio S^mele) 

 apjiears. Various birds re-assume their spring notes. 



Fourth meek: the nuthatch (SUta europa;*a) chatters, the 

 stone-curlew (Charadrius CKdi^ndmus) whistles at nig it, the 

 goat-sucker (Caprimiilgus eurojiaeVs) an<l young owls (i'trfx 

 t'lula) make a noise in the evemng ; robin-reilbreast (Alotacllla 

 lluUcola) sings ; and rooks roost on their nest-trees. 



2. Calendar of Fegetable Nature round London. 



In the first week: meiilot (TVif61ium officinale), rue (Riita 

 graveolens), yellow succory (i'lcrisAieraciiiides), burdock (^'rc- 

 tlum L^ppa) in flower ; the bread-corns ripe. 



Second week: wild clary (Salvia Kerbenkca), meadow-rue 

 (Tliali'ctmm flavum), ploughman's spikenard (Conyza squar- 

 vosa), and various other natives in flower. 



Third week: the mallow (-Wdlva Lavatrta), hollyhock (vllcea 

 rtsea), and lobelias, among the garden-tlowers ; and the i>oly- 



fonums and potamogetons among the wild plants now in 

 lossom. 



Fourth week: the autumnal crocus (CcSlchicum autumnale), 

 .4'ster Solidago, .S'en6:-io pa'uddsus, teasel (Dfpsacus fuilonum), 

 and various oiher plants in flower. The earljei varieties of all 

 the hardy kernel fruits ripe. 

 1i. Fann.yard. (2902.) 



The nck-T/ard should now lie attended to (5906.); stack- 

 stands repaired or put in order : bottoming of faggots, and 

 straw or rai)e haulm got together; thatch in readiness, and 

 ropes made. (3184.) 



At any spare period the teams may be employed carting out 

 the summer made dung to the wheat fallows, or to form field 

 dunghills for spring crops, &c. 



4. Live stock. (6216.) 



Select the stock of larnha to be kept as breeders. (7170.) 

 Swine commonly bring their second litter of pigs in this month ; 

 which, owing to the oropping com, is generally one of abund- 

 ant keep, both for them and poultry. Farmers in some places 

 look to the stubbles as a source of good food foi their cows, as 



others do to the fallows for keep for their sheep. Where 

 either is the case, the culture must be of a very inferior de- 

 scription. 



5. Grass Lands. (564-3.) 



\Vhere metidows are manured, that operation generally goes 

 on aft-!r tliJ hay is removed, or during winter ; the surface in 

 the former case being hard with drought, and in the latter by 

 frost. After gr \ss should in general be shut up and reserved for 

 later keep, and in some ca^es as a winter resource. Keep down 

 weeds, tussocks, ant-hiils, &c. Turn the water on meadow- 

 lands as soon as the h.iy is removed, and let it remain till a 

 third crop is in forwjtrduess. (4387-) 



6. Arable Lands. (4925.) 



Weed ami ttir among green crops, earth up potatoes '5336.), 

 but by no means turnips, unless the soil is very dry indeed, as 

 that operation only prevents them from attaining a full size. 

 Reaping commences in all the southern districts in the fist 

 week ot this month, and in some by the middle of July. When 

 the operation is executed by day work, the most unremitting 

 inspection of the master is necessary ; and even when the greatly 

 preferable mode of reap:ng by the acre is adopted, he should be 

 continually in motion fiom one party to another, to see that the 

 operation is perfin-mcd low and clean. 



Naked Jidloirs in late situations receive the seed furrow dur- 

 ing this month, excepting in cases where the seed is ploughed 

 in, an operation generally deferred to the middle of September. 

 SovV cabbage-seeils (4497.) for plants to put out in April next. 

 Sow turnips after early jwas which have been podded (5209.), 

 oi early cut wheat, tares, cabbages, &c., or after hemp and flax, 

 which are generally pulled by the middle of this month. (5880. 

 and 5922.) Grass seeds sown alone at this season (5692.) will 

 generally succeed better than at any other ; they germinate a 

 well in spring ; but the heats of July ofien burn up the tender 

 plants. 



7. Fences (2960.), Roads (3523.), and Drains. 

 (4213.) 



As in the two preceding months. 



8. Orchards (4099.) and Hop^grounds. (.'5997.) 

 Apples and plums of some sorts are now rijie. Grafts may ia 



general be untied. Budding performed, and pruning, if desir- 

 able, as observed last month under woods and plantations. 



9. Wood-lands and Plantations. (3906.) 

 See last month. 



SEPTEMBER. 



1. Cnlendnr of Animated Nature round London. 

 In the first week: young broods of goldfinches (Fringflla Tar- 



duelis) ippear. The linnet (Fringll'a Linota) congiegates. The 

 bull (B(5s Tailnjs) makas his shrill autumnal noise ; and swal- 

 lows (Wirundo riistica) sing. 



Second week: common owls (Strfs fldmmea) hoot. The 

 satFron butterfly (Papflio Hj-ale) and willow red under-wing 

 moth (Phalaj'na plcta) appear. Herrings (Ciupea Har^ngus) 

 are now cheap. 



Third week: the ring ouzle(Turdus torquKtus) appears. The 

 fly -catcher (Muscfcapa Atricapflla) withcfraws. 



Fourth week: the stare (Stiirnus vulgaris) congregates. The 

 wood-lark (^laiida arbirea) sings. The woodcock (Sc(51opax 

 rustlcnl .) and fieldfare (Tiirdus piliri.s) appear; and the swal- 

 low (Hinindo riistica) departs. 



2. Calendar of Vegetable Nature round London. 

 In thcjir-st week : some fungi and BaI16ta ilba appear, travel- 

 ler's joy (Clfematis ^Iba) and Pamdssia paliistris in flower. 



Second meek: catkins ofthe hazel and birch formed; blossoms, 

 and green, red, ^nd black berries found on the bramble at the 

 same time. Leaves of the sycamore, birch, lime, mouutain- 

 as'i anr tlnitbe;;in to change colour. 



Third week : the ivv (tfedcra Helix), laurel (Prilnus Lauro- 

 -cerasus and fur^ ' U i*l turo^jjtV; in flower. 



Fourth week : hips, haws, and nuts ripe. I>eaves of plane- 

 tree (PMtanus) tawny; of the hazel, yellow; of the oak, yellow- 

 ish -green; ofthe sycamore, dirty brown; of the maple, pale 

 yellow; ofthe ash, fine lemon; ofthe elm, orange; ofthe 

 hawthorn, tawny yellow; of the cherry, red; of the hornbeam, 

 bright yellow ; ofthe willow, hoary. 



3. Farm-uard. (2902.) 



The rick-yard is now the chief scene of operations, in getting 

 earli'-r crops thatched (3185.) and later ones stacked. (3276.) 

 In all operations in this department attend, as far as circum- 

 stances will permit, to neatness. In the case of a projirietor or 

 amateur, neatness, order, and liigh keeping are essential in 

 every department. 



4. Live Stock. (6216.) 



There is genera'ly abundance of fat cattle and sheep in the 

 market during this and next month. Lean stock, espe-iallv 

 crones and wedders, are now bro-.ight in. and wintered or feu 

 off on turnips. Wintering cattle (6855 

 the month. Poultry jmd pigs jure now 

 taken from bee-hives. 



and wintered 



also aliout the end of 



t, md honey may be 



5. Grass Lands. (5643.) 



As in August. Newly sown grass lands should now be 

 sparingly fed, in order to strengthen tlie plants for the whiter. 



